Hanzhong Prefecture was located in the northeast corner of Yizhou, west of the south of Qinling Mountains. It was connected to Fufeng Prefecture of Yongzhou in the north, Weixing Prefecture of Jingzhou in the east, Wudu Prefecture in the west, and Brazil Prefecture in the south. It was located in the upper reaches of Han River. It has jurisdiction over Nanzheng, Liuba, Chenggu, Mian County, Ningqiang, Lueyang, Foping, Xixiang, Yang County, Zhenba and other ten counties, the administration is in Nanzheng.
The terrain of Hanzhong was high in the north and low in the south. The middle part was wavy hills, and the south part was the Hanzhong Basin, which was an alluvial plain with a tropical climate. The Han River flows from west to east, and the Bao River flows into the Han River from north to south. It controlled Bashu in the south, Guanzhong in the north, Ganlong in the west, and Yu-E in the east. Since ancient times, it had been an important economic and military place. It was also an area where the economy and culture of the north and south converged. It enjoyed an important position and glory in the history of Shaanxi. As for the names of Hanzhong, Hanshui, Baoshui, and other places, they had a long history and were related to the clan names.
Hanzhong had a long history, and its economy and culture were developed earlier. "Shangshu Yu Gong" said: "Huayang black water only Liangzhou.”The name of Liang Province came from a branch of the Gu Liang tribe that moved here. The Han River was originally named Yangshui. Later, the Han tribe of Emperor Yao's eldest son, Jianming, moved here, so the name "Yangshui" was changed to "Han River". Liu Shi, the son of Jianming (originally surnamed Ji, but changed his surname to Liu because he lived in Liu's land), established the tribe of the Great Han Kingdom here. Some of his clansmen moved south to Shu (the names Guanghan and Hanyuan were derived from the Han people). The Great Han Kingdom in the upper reaches of the Han River was located in the center, so it was also called "Hanzhong" or Hanchuan. After the descendants of the Yellow Emperor moved to the upper reaches of the Han River, they also called the Han River Mianshui (Mianshui and Mianshui have the same pronunciation) and called their place of residence Mianshui (now Mian County). When Yu controlled the water, a branch of Bao people from his clan followed him. Later, they stayed in the land of Mian people, also known as Bao, and the water was called Baoshui. It can be seen that the names of Xu Mian and Xu Bao are derived from the names of clans. A branch of the Shangjun tribe, a descendant of Emperor Shun, and a branch of the Danzhu tribe, a descendant of Emperor Yao, were called the Cangwu tribe because they lived in Cangye (now Shangzhou). A branch of them moved to the middle and lower reaches of the Han River and combined with a lover (the lover was also called the Ronin because he lived beside the Han River). They were called the "Canglang Tribe", so the "Han River" was also known as the "Canglang River".
After the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, the descendants of Yu in Hanzhong were also known as the Xia people. Because Bao annexed some small ancient tribes nearby, the area was relatively large, so it was also called the Han River "Xia River". The "Mian" water mentioned in Shangshu Yugong, and the "Hanyang West","Han River", and "Hanjia County" mentioned by Zheng Xuan in Jijie were all named after the ancient Han clans, and they were very ancient. During the Three Dynasties, Hanzhong was under the jurisdiction of the dynasty, and Nanzheng (now Hantai District) was first established. It was said that during the reign of King Li of Zhou, some people moved here to build the city.
King You of Zhou once attacked Bao State and captured Baosi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Chu set up Hanzhong Prefecture in the land of Ba and Shu. Its administrative office was in Nanzheng (now the east of Hantai District). In 312 B.C., King Hui of Qin set it up again. Hanzhong Prefecture was established in the Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Western Han Dynasty, Hanzhong Prefecture consisted of Xicheng County, Anyang County, Changli County (today's Pingli County), Xunyang County, and Xi County (today's Baihe County). Xicheng County governed most of today's Hanbin District and the entire territory of Ziyang and Langao.
From the first year to the sixth year of Jianwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-30), Liu Xiu sent General Li Tong to lead troops to fight with Gongsun Shu of Bashu in the west city and seize Hanzhong. The county was moved to Nanzheng and belonged to the Department of History of Yizhou. Xicheng County is now under the jurisdiction of Hanbin District, Langao, Ziyang, Pingli and Zhenping five counties. In history, Liu Bang, the king of Han, lived in Hanzhong, and Zhang Lu, Hanning, and Liu Bei became kings in Hanzhong. These were the three most important stages before the Three Kingdoms. The struggle between Cao Cao and Liu Bei for Hanzhong took place during the reign of Zhang Lu.
The current Governor of Hanzhong was Su Gu. According to historical records, this person died at the hands of Zhang Lu. At that time, Zhang Lu was the Commander-in-Chief of Yizhou. Under Liu Yan's orders, Zhang Lu and the other Sima Zhang Xiu led the army to conquer Hanzhong and killed Su Gu, the Governor of Hanzhong. Then, Zhang Lu killed the other Sima Zhang Xiu and annexed his troops. From then on, Hanzhong fell into Zhang Lu's hands.
Ding Huai's group set off from Bingzhou, passing through Sizhou in the south, and then crossing Yongzhou in the southwest before arriving at Hanzhong County. The journey could not be said to be short, and while Ding Huai was hurrying along, he was thinking about the talents of the Three Kingdoms period that he could recruit along the way.
After all, it was only the fourth year of Guanghe, which was 181 AD. At this time, many good generals and strategists of the Three Kingdoms period were still young. For example, Wei Yan was only three years old, Li Yan was not born yet, Pang Tong was only two years old, Ma Chao was only five years old, and Fa Zheng was only six years old. Ding Huai naturally would not recruit them.
In the end, Ding Huai really thought of a fierce general from the Three Kingdoms period-Pang De.
Pang De, also known as Ling Ming, was born in Yongzhou, Nan 'an Taoist [now southeast of Longxi, Gansu Province], 163-219 AD. His posthumous title was Zhuang. When he was young, he served as a county official and a state official. He followed Ma Teng to attack the rebellious Qiang, Di and other foreign tribes. He made several military achievements and was promoted to lieutenant. When Cao Cao attacked Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in Liyang, Guo Yuan and Gao Gan attacked Hedong. At that time, Pang De followed Ma Chao, the son of Ma Teng, to fight against Guo Yuan and Gao Gan in Pingyang. He was the vanguard of the army. He attacked Guo Yuan and Gao Gan and defeated their army. He personally cut off Guo Yuan's head, so he was appointed as Zhonglang General and granted the title of Marquis of Duting. Later, Ma Teng was recruited as Wei Wei, and Pang De stayed under Ma Chao. When Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao in Weinan, Pang De fled to Hanyang with Ma Chao and defended Jicheng. Soon after, he defected to Hanzhong with Ma Chao and was subordinate to Zhang Lu. After Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, Pang De surrendered. Cao Cao had always heard of his bravery, so he appointed Pang De as General Li Yi and granted him the title of Marquis of Guanmen Pavilion. Later, Pang De led his army and Cao Ren to attack Wancheng together, killed the rebel generals Hou Yin and Wei Kai, and then stationed troops south in Fancheng to attack Guan Yu. At that time, the generals of Fancheng thought that Pang De's brother Pang Rou was in Hanzhong at that time, so they were suspicious of Pang De. Pang De then fought hard and was deeply feared by Guan Yu's army. After the defeat, Pang De vowed not to surrender, but was captured and killed by Guan Yu. When Cao Cao heard of this, he was very sad and wept for it, so he made his two sons marquises.
Therefore, when Ding Huai passed by Fengyi County, he ordered Gao Shun to lead 3,000 Bingzhou Iron Cavalry to Hanzhong with the imperial edict, while he and Cheng Lian went to Huandao County of Nan 'an County to look for Pang De.
Huan Dao was located in the central part of South Peace County, and it was the county's administrative center. As Yong State was located in the northwest of the thirteen states of the Han Dynasty, its geographical location was relatively remote. In addition, the environment was dry, with little rain and strong sandstorms, so the population was not very large. Although the Huan Dao was the administrative center of Nan 'an County, it only had a population of a few hundred thousand. After the Yellow Turban uprising, most of the population had moved to the Jing State, leaving even fewer people.
Pang De had yet to follow Ma Teng. He was only a small constable in the South Peace County. He was not very successful. Moreover, Pang De was a talented general. He was not very good at catching criminals. However, he had gained a lot of experience. After two or three years, he had made a lot of achievements. The whole South Peace County could be opened at night.
Ding Huai saw this fierce general who had always been unsuccessful in history but could compete with Guan Yu in Pang De's residence. He was nine feet tall, had a wide face and round eyes, had a strong back and a strong waist, and had a long beard that reached his neck. He looked very mighty. Ding Huai could not help but praise him in his heart. What a good tiger general who did not lose to Guan Yu.
Pang De was very surprised that the Hanzhong prefect had come to visit his home. Moreover, this prefect was different from the other prefects. Not only was he the youngest in the Han Dynasty, but he was also the youngest marquis in the Han Dynasty. Most importantly, he was said to be very popular with the Emperor. Pang De was even more shocked when he saw the mighty Cheng Lian standing behind the Hanzhong Mayor. This person's martial strength was probably not inferior to his.
After the two of them exchanged pleasantries, Ding Huai went straight to the point."Today, I have taken the liberty to visit Ling Ming. There is nothing else. I just want to ask Ling Ming to come out of the mountain and help me temporarily take the position of military marquis in Hanzhong.”Pang De was dumbfounded by this. This was the first time they had met and he was given such an important position as the commander of the Hanzhong Army. Not only was the rank of a military marquis many times higher than that of his current constable in the county government, but the marquis belonged to the army, while the constable belonged to the local government. With his ability, he would definitely be able to obtain military achievements in the future. This was exactly what Pang De dreamed of.
Seeing Pang De's dumbfounded expression, Ding Huai thought to himself," A mere military marquis is actually so unreachable in the eyes of a fierce general like Pang De. It can be seen that Pang De has suffered many setbacks before, so he explained,""Perhaps Ling Ming is very curious why Huai gave you such an important position. Although Huai is young, he is also proficient in the art of Bole. He has long heard that Pang Ling Ming of Nan 'an is a hero of today, and his loyalty is unparalleled. However, for the prefect of Nan' an to not know how to use a hero like Ling Ming, he is really stupid. When Huai Chu arrived in Hanzhong, he needed a hero like Ling Ming to assist him in order to ensure the long-term stability of the people in Hanzhong.”
" Long-term peace and stability ". Pang De was so touched that he was in a mess. As the saying goes," A wise man dies for his confidant." Now that he had met such a wise ruler, wasn't it exactly what he had dreamed of? Although he had long heard of his martial prowess, Ma Teng, the prefect of Xiliang, had only sent him a letter of invitation. It was rare to find a wise ruler like prefect Ding who personally visited his home and invited him out of the mountain.
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