Monge was honored to be a guest of Napoleon. Monge was an enthusiastic, extroverted, and easily excited scientist and mathematician. He had two very doting daughters, and the young Napoleon became his adopted son.
Monge, who was most revered by Napoleon Bonaparte, was originally from Switzerland. He was the eldest son of a working-class family and was born in southern Dijon in 1746. The three sons of the Monri family had all received a good education. Gaspar Monge studied science and mathematics, and in 1764, he was admitted to the Academy of Leon. After returning to his hometown, he taught at a prestigious military engineering school.
Monge's mathematical talent was quickly appreciated. At this military school, he met a talented student, Carnaud, and later participated in the French Revolution with him. In the next few years, he taught mathematics, physics, and chemistry and wrote many papers. It was during his teaching career that he married the 31-year-old widow, Hepburn. Because of the small fortune his wife had brought him, Monge was able to make a name for himself in society and politics. At the same time, he also gained more time to conduct experiments.
After doing more research on physics, Monge got to know some famous scientists and philosophers at that time and became a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. Later, he became an external examiner for naval officers and a member of the famous French Institute.
After the outbreak of the Great Revolution in 1789, Monge became the founder of the Jacob faction and a radical of the Republic's ideology. He advocated the destruction of all feudal hierarchy and the execution of the king.
In August 1792, he was appointed Secretary of the Navy. They were facing the enemy at sea, the British, and many who wanted to retaliate against the rebellion of the French navy. Monge had two unsuccessful expeditions. By April 1793, Monge had made many political enemies, including Danton, who forced Monge to resign as minister.
As a result, Monge spent most of his time on science, including solving various scientific problems for the government, such as preparing to set up large-scale steel factories, arms factories, and so on. He also established a measurement system.
Thanks to the efforts of Monge and his colleagues, Paris alone could produce 140,000 guns every year. The number of French copper cannon manufacturers increased from 2 to 15; The number of steel plants increased from 4 to 30. Monge was an ardent patriot. When he discovered that workers and labor leaders were disrupting the arms production that the French army desperately needed, he reported them to the authorities.
In July 1794, following the fall of Robespierre, Monge, who had once worked for the National Salvation Committee, was reported and forced to hide for several months until his arrest warrant was revoked.
If Monge was famous as a scientist, his name was later linked to the name of the founder of the Royal Paris Engineering and Technology Academy (founded on November 3, 1794).
In May 1796, he became a member of the newly established French Academy of Sciences and was ordered to visit Italy, which had recently been occupied by the victorious armies of the Republic, and to collect all the souvenirs of art and science which you think worthy of a place in our museum and library. In other words, he was given full authority to plunder the spoils of war in any way he saw fit.
It was during this 17-month long mission that Monge met General Napoleon, the commander-in-chief of the Italian army, for the second time. The first time was in August 1792, when Napoleon, who had just been promoted to colonel, suffered a setback in his career in the army. He asked to see Monge, who was then the Minister of the Navy, and asked for a place in the French Navy Artillery. Although the young man left a good impression on Monge, he was unable to help him because he resigned as minister in April 1793.) On July 7, 1796, after meeting in Milan, Monge and Napoleon shared the same interests. On July 23rd of that year, Monge was present when Napoleon signed the armistice agreement. At that time, Napoleon publicly invited Monge to the Montebello Palace and became a frequent visitor. In August 1797, after the completion of the government mission in Monge, he wanted to bid farewell to Napoleon and leave, but Napoleon asked him to sign the Austrian peace agreement with him, so he delayed his trip for several weeks.
It was during these few weeks of leisure that Napoleon talked to Monge about his future plans. What attracted Monri the most was the plan to go to Egypt. Napoleon paid special attention to this plan, and Monge promised to personally collect relevant documents for him.
Their friendship was now unbreakable, and they were inseparable until the Peace of Campo Formio was signed. On October 8, Napoleon entrusted him and Bertier with sending the original copy of the treaty to the Directorate-General. After returning to Paris, as an influential figure, Monge still maintained an unusual relationship with Napoleon. In December of that year, he helped Napoleon be elected as a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Starting from Malta, Monge boarded Vostok. Other than Brenner, he spent the most time with Napoleon. Monge had always been his guest, Brenner recalled. The scholar's thoughts were full of vitality and shared many of the same views as the commander-in-chief. His active thoughts stirred Napoleon's imagination. However, Brenner and most of the others did not understand the extent of Monge's influence on Napoleon's decision-making, especially the Egyptian adventure plan. Monge had provided Napoleon with a large number of charts, statistics, articles, and maps about Egypt.
In this way, the strong friendship between a professional soldier and a civilian scientist that had been established during the negotiation of the peace agreement a year ago was further deepened. In the years to come, Monge would always be Napoleon's friend and confidant. Napoleon always trusted and relied on him. He was honest, fair, and full of adventure and challenge in the unknown world, which was what Napoleon appreciated the most. Monge was a rare practical mathematician (for him, everything was based on formulas and mathematical verification) and a dreamer. His vivid imagination allowed him to reach new and unknown shores, and like Napoleon, he paid no attention to the people around him. The planning of military expeditions in distant countries, which Napoleon knew almost nothing about, belonged to Monge.
During the voyage, Napoleon spent a lot of time drafting orders and plans to attack Egypt and Malta, and he also had a lot of time to talk. What Napoleon found most unbearable was the boredom and idleness of life at sea. As Brenner described, French foreign policy and politics were the most frequently discussed topics, but he especially liked to talk about the brilliant achievements he had just achieved. Of course, this was when he was not seasick.
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