I. Devoting all my resources to the battle between the main forces of China and Japan
In the summer and autumn of 1938, Wuhanwas the focus of the war between China and Japan.
Military deployment. After the Japanese Army Department captured Nanjing, they began to study the so-called "Hankow Battle".
In April 1938, the Army Department of the Japanese base camp had planned to send an army from Zhengzhou to the south along the Pinghan line.
Nanking marched westward along the Yangtze River and divided into two routes from the north and east to attack Wuhan1. However, considering that the battlefield of the two armies was too far away, it was not convenient to unify the command.
Later, it was decided that the main force of the Second Army would advance along the Huaihe River to the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains. After occupying Xinyang, it would turn south along the Pinghan Line and attack Hankou. The Eleventh Army would advance westward along the Yangtze River from Nanjing.
In May 1938, when the Battle of Xuzhou ended, it was decided to carry out the "Battle of Hankou" in the autumn of that year.
On June 11th, the Guomindang army carried out the plan of "using water as a soldier" and burst the dike at the Yellow River Garden Mouth.
More than 50,000 square kilometers in southern Henan and northern Shaanxi became a swamp. The Yellow River flooded area was connected to the Huai River, preventing the Japanese army from moving south along the Pinghan Line.
。Therefore, the Japanese army gave up the plan of advancing into the Dabie Mountains along the Huaihe River and changed to advancing along the Yangtze River to advance to the city of Wu Han.
One of them marched westward from the south of the Huaihe River, crossed the Dabie Mountains, and attacked Hankou.
In May 1938, the Army Department of Japan decided: The attack on Hankou was under the unified command of the Central China Dispatching Army.
, and focus on strengthening the strength of the Central China dispatch army.
Ironically, the Japanese military, from the command center to the troops fighting in China, changed at the same time.
In the past, he had always insisted on a quick battle to wipe out the main force of the Chinese army.
Since the Lugouqiao Incident, the Japanese army had attempted to annihilate Jiang Jieshi's main force in one fell swoop to achieve the goal of a quick battle.
They had planned and launched a battle in North China in an attempt to annihilate the main force of Song Zheyuan's 29th Army. Shanxi Xinkou Battle, Trying to Annihilate
The main force of the Jin army, the Battle of Songhu, wanted to wipe out the main force of the Central Army in Central China; The battle of Xu Prefecture once again wanted to wipe out the main force of the Central Army. But the Japanese
All of his attempts were in vain. After the Battle of Xuzhou, the Japanese Army's Central Command and the troops in China no longer engaged in 'one
He raised his hand.
At the end of May, the Japanese command only shyly requested in the operational policy of shifting to the situation of occupying Hankou.
The Japanese troops in North China and Central China attacked Hankou and tried to destroy the enemy. Try your best, that is to say, it would be better if you could eliminate it, no
We'll give up, but we have to occupy Wuhan1.
On May 29, 1938, the Japanese base camp ordered the Central China dispatched troops to cooperate with the Chinese navy fleet to attack Anqing.
Madang, Hukou, and Jiujiang would be the bases for the attack on Wuhan1. June 1, Commander of Central China Dispatching Army
The Six Generals of the Junjun Army
Battle order, with the Botian detachment as the main force, under the cooperation of the navy and the air force, from Wuhu to the west of the Yangtze River, attack Anqing, Madang.
, Hukou, Jiujiang. With the 6th Division as the main force, with the cooperation of the 3rd Flying Regiment, they would attack Shucheng, Tongcheng, Qianshan from Hefei.
Taihu Lake, Huangmei and other places, coordinated with the upstream attack troops to fight. On June 8, the 6th Division of the Japanese Army occupied Shu City. June 11, Japan
The naval authorities informed the various consular officers stationed in Hankou that the attack on Wuhan had begun. On June 13, the Japanese army's Botian detachment
Occupy Anqing. On the same day, the 6th Division of the Japanese Army occupied Tongcheng and then Qianshan on the 17th. The Battle of Anqing opened the meeting of Wuhan-China.
The prelude to the battle.
On the southern front, the Japanese army's base camp specially transferred the Botian detachment from Taiwan to act as the vanguard of the attack against the Yangtze River, heading straight for Anqing, the provincial capital of Anhui at that time.
The speed and sharpness of his work shocked Jiang Jieshi in Hubei. Although the Botian detachment only has infantry and artillery,
There are three regiments, but the entire army has undergone long-term strict training in Japan and Taiwan.
Practicing, from the commander Shigeichi Hatata to the ordinary soldiers, almost everyone was.
Experts in mountain and lake warfare, especially in landing operations, were even more unheard of in the Japanese army.
Comparable.
June 15th, Japan's Imperial League
The meeting officially decided to "attack Hankow." On the 18th, the Army Department quickly issued an order to "prepare for the Hankou battle".
and decided to take Hankou in early autumn. At the same time that the Japanese base camp formulated the plan to attack Wu Han, they began to launch a comprehensive attack.
Arrange the troops.
On June 15th, the Imperial Conference of Japan decided to carry out the Battle of Wuhan1. The Japanese army concentrated about 250,000 troops, while naval ships
120 boats and more than 300 aircraft from the Air Corps cooperated with the Army to attack the city along the north and south banks of the Yangtze River and the northern foot of the Dabie Mountains.
。
At the beginning of July, the strength of the Central China dispatched troops was reduced from the three divisions after the Xuzhou Battle to the three divisions.
The number of troops was increased to 14 divisions, 2 brigade regiments, and 2 detachment. They were organized into the Second Army, the Eleventh Army, directly under the jurisdiction of the army, and the Air Corps.
Combat units. The commander of the Central China dispatched army, the six generals, and the commander of the Second Army, Higashikuni Miyasuhiko
Lieutenant General, in charge of the 3rd, 10th, 13th, and 16th Divisions, as well as the 5th Field Heavy Artillery Brigade and its direct troops. Lieutenant General Yasuji Okamura, commander of the 11th Army, commanded the 6th Army.
The 101st, 106th, 27th, and 9th Divisions, as well as the Botian Battalion, the 6th Field Artillery Brigade, and their direct troops; dispatched Army
The 18th, 116th, 15th, 27th, and 22nd Divisions of the Direct Forces; Lieutenant General Tokugawa Yotoshi, Commander of the Air Corps, in charge of the first
, the third and fourth flying regiments, as well as their direct troops and ground troops. The total military strength is about 300,000, and there are 300 aircraft of various types and ships of various types.
120 ships.
On August 22, the Japanese army issued instructions No. 188 on the capture of Hankou and No. 250 issued by the Chief of Staff.
In the No. 10 instruction, the word "annihilation" was completely absent. The strategic purpose of the Battle of Wuhanwas clearly defined as "to capture Hankou."
Expel the Jiang regime from the Central Plains." Hundreds of thousands of troops, thousands of miles of war, just to occupy Wuhan.The Japanese Emperor and the Japanese Army Command
Why did they launch such a grand war when they knew that they could not annihilate the Chinese army?
Japan was limited by manpower and material resources and was eager to end the war as soon as possible, but their peace was based on the investment of the Chinese government.
It was on the basis of a drop. Therefore, they were in a dilemma. It was impossible to use all the national strength to end the battle quickly. but
He had once again announced that he wanted to take Jiang Jieshi as his opponent and discuss a truce, which had greatly humiliated the Emperor.
Therefore, this was the only way to make another effort to expel Jiang from the Central Plains. The Emperor was ordering an attack on Wu Han.
He said,"What this war is looking forward to is to make the Jiang regime a local regime."”
The purpose of the war was to lower the legal government of China by occupying a conspicuous territory.
It was a matter of willingness. After the war, some strategists in Japan believed that the Prime Minister's government statement that he did not regard Jiang Jieshi as an opponent gave Japan
During the war, the government had brought about an irreparable defeat.
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