Jinzhou was the throat of the pass that led to the northeast. It was called the "mountain and sea hub" in ancient times. Taking Jinzhou would seal off the Northeast's Guomindang Army, forming a situation of 'shutting the door and beating the dog'. Jinzhou was also the gateway to Shengyang. The capture of Jinzhou would open the door to Shengyang.
After the decision to attack was made, the police, Luo Rongheng, and Liu Yalou made adjustments to their deployment. He was determined to use the 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 6th columns of the 17th Division, a total of 16 divisions, and the main force of the artillery column, a total of 250,000 troops, to attack and annihilate the enemy in Jinzhou. The 4th and 11th columns and two independent divisions were under the command of the 2nd Corps Commander Cheng Zihua. They were located at the front line of Tashan and Hongluoxian (Jinxi Old City) north of Jinxi to deal with the enemies who came to Jinzhou from Jinxi.
The 8th Independent Division would be active near Shanhaiguan to confuse and suppress the enemy. The 5th, 10th, 6th and 1st columns, the 3rd Division, the 2nd Independent Division, and the 1st Cavalry Division of the Inner Mongolia Military Region were located in the Zhangwu and Xinlitun areas. They were under the command of the 6th column commander Huang Yongsheng and the political commissar Lai Chuanzhu to prepare to meet the Westward Jin Corps commanded by Liao Yaoxiang. The 12th column was sent from the Changchun area to the Tongjiangkou, waiting for the opportunity to switch to the south to contain the enemy reinforcements from Mukden. Five more independent divisions, together with the six independent divisions that had already taken up the task of besieging Changchun and the 2nd Inner Mongolia Cavalry Division, a total of 20 divisions, under the command of the 1st Corps Commander Xiao Jinguang, continued to besiege the enemy in Changchun.
Jinzhou was a fortified city. There were Maoer Mountain, Zijing Mountain, and King Han Palace Mountain around them. Jinzhou's Guomindang army used this terrain and the fortifications of the Japanese puppet period to form a strong outer position. The city's fortifications had undergone seven phases of renovation. With the new city Xinshi District and the original old city as the main body, relying on the highlands in the north of the city and the Xiaoling River and Nver River in the south of the city, a defense system in depth supported by commanding heights and solid buildings was built. The original Zhongzheng Road was divided into two garrison areas, east and west. The focus was on the north of the North Mountain and the railway in the northwest of the city. The city was surrounded by walls, more than 4 meters high and 3 meters wide. There was a reinforced concrete bunker or a large fire firing point with a wooden structure every 50 meters along the wall. Outside the city wall, there was a trench more than 5 meters wide, and outside the trench, there was a half-ridge wire fence more than 2 meters high. There were also minefields everywhere outside the city wall.
The commander of the Jinzhou garrison, Lieutenant General Fan Hanjie, was from Guangdong. He had a fat head and big ears. People called him "Fan Datou". He was a first-year student at Huangpu Military Academy. When he was admitted to Huangpu Military Academy, he was already a lieutenant colonel. He was one of the first students to become a division commander. He went to Japan and Germany to study and practice military affairs. When he returned to China and followed Jiang, he successively served as the deputy commander of the 1st Army, the commander of the 27th Army, the commander-in-chief of the 38th Army, the deputy commander and chief of staff of the 1st War Zone, and the deputy commander-in-chief of the Sixth Army. Fan Mo was unwilling to come to the northeast. "If you don't want to do it, what can I do?!"”Fan had no choice but to take up the post of deputy commander-in-chief of the Northeast "suppression" and director of Jinzhou command center.
After Fan Hanjie arrived in Jinzhou, he stepped up the training of his troops. Wei Lihuang and the US military advisor came to Jinzhou to inspect the defense and troops. "Jinzhou is the gateway to the northeast," Wei Lihuang said.”"Jinzhou is the ladder to the northeast," said the American military advisor.”Wei Lihuang attached great importance to the defense of Jinzhou. After returning to Shenyang, he sent Li Xian, the engineer commander of the Northeast "Suppression General", to Jinzhou to speed up the construction of fortifications. He built the outer fortifications of Jinzhou into three-dimensional reinforced concrete blockhouses.
These bunkers were considered to be the traditional method of defending the People's Liberation Army. Wei Lihuang believed that they could defend Jinzhou with such fortifications. Wei Lihuang said to Fan Hanjie,"The northeast can't fight at the moment. As long as the troops are trained well, there will be a way."”Fan Hanjie and Wei Lihuang also had conflicts. Fan only listened to Jiang Jieshi's instructions and ignored Wei's opinion. Wei Lihuang had once asked Fan Hanjie to transport Jinzhou's grain to Shengyang by air because of the insect disaster around Shengyang and the lack of food sources. Fan thought that the main force of Shen Yang was about to retreat to Jin Zhou, so he didn't have to go back and forth in vain. He gave Wei Li Huang a soft rebuff. Wei was furious. Fan Hanjie also had a disagreement with Wei regarding personnel promotions and troop movements.
Fan Hanjie was in Jinzhou, just like Shenyang and Changchun, surrounded by the People's Liberation Army. In addition, his direct troops and the Yunnan troops were mutually exclusive and did not contact each other. At the same time, prices soared, and the army's non-staple food and fuel sources were cut off. Although he controlled Jinzhou, he was jittery and could not last all day. Fan Hanjie had planned to concentrate three armies in Jinzhou and planned to withdraw the 93rd army, Wang Shigaoshi, from Yi County back to Jinzhou. Wei Lihuang didn't agree to Wang Shigao leaving Yi County.
There were seven divisions defending Jinzhou. Among them, the 54th Division, the 55th Division (about 4000 people), the 88th Division, and the 184th Division were all newly established after being defeated by the People's Liberation Army. The deployment of the defense forces was as follows: The 54th Division was temporarily assigned to defend the Zijing Mountain in the east of Jinzhou and Songshan in the southeast; The 55th Division was temporarily assigned to the defense of Nanshan at the end of September. The 79th Division (missing a regiment) arrived by air at the end of September and took up the defense mission of Bijia Mountain (the highlands on the east side of the Nü er River). The 88th Division was the command post reserve team. The 6th Corps was directly under the 184th Division and the 93rd Corps (the 20th Division was temporarily absent). They were responsible for the defense of the line from the west of Jinzhou, from the highland on the west side of Nverhe Station to the 188th highland, through Erlang Cave to the Jiangmian synthetic fuel plant, the frontier highland and distribution pool of the Black Mountain Regiment, and the frontier of the old city government.
The commander of the 6th Corps, Lieutenant General Lu Junquan, was a third-year student at Huangpu University.
He wrote a letter to his classmate Lu Junquan from Huangpu and sent it to him by carriage.
** led the Field Army Headquarters from Zhangwu and rushed to the front line. The director of the Wild Division, Su Jing, returned to the headquarters from the 3rd vertical. Lin and Luo first asked about Zhu Rui's sacrifice, and then listened to the situation and experience of conquering Yi County. Su reported two points: First, the enemy in Yi County was not as experienced as the direct troops of the Kuomintangs in defending the city. Sometimes, they left the city defense works to attack and were destroyed. The second was to dig trenches to meet the enemy, all the way to the starting point of the attack. This experience came from the 2nd Battalion 5th Division, and Commander Han Xianchu promoted their experience. Because the troops used the traffic moat to meet the enemy, they reduced casualties and increased the surprise of the attack, making the battle smoother.
Lin and Luo expressed their approval of the two points. He wanted Su Jing to verbally convey the order for the 3rd and 5th Regiment to immediately head south to the north of Jinzhou City overnight to prepare for the attack.
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