The Type 59 Medium Tank was a medium-sized tank developed by China. It was developed based on the Soviets 'T54A Medium Tank. It had strong firepower, good armor protection and maneuverability, light weight, small size, simple structure, reliable work, and convenient use and maintenance. The tank weighed 34 tons, had four passengers, a maximum speed of 50 kilometers per hour, and a maximum range of 560 kilometers. The main weapons were a 100mm rifled cannon (see Artillery) with a combat firing rate of 4 rounds per minute, a 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun and two 7.62mm machine guns, equipped with infrared night vision for night driving. The armor on the front and sides of the car was thicker, and the turret was streamlined, with good anti-bullet ability.
The main weapon of the tank was a 100mm rifled cannon with a barrel length of 5350mm. There was an exhaust device at the front of the barrel. The recoil mechanism and recoil mechanism were arranged side by side above the cannon. The cannon could fire blunt armor-piercing bullets and grenades with a maximum firing rate of 7 rounds per minute.
The auxiliary weapons were a 12.7mm machine gun mounted on the top of the turret, a 7.62mm parallel machine gun mounted on the right side of the cannon, and a 7.62mm front machine gun mounted on the right front of the driver.
The tank was equipped with a 1959 100mm tank gunner scope. There were four observation mirrors around the commander's command tower door; There was a commander's observation mirror at the front of the command tower. In front of the loading hand on the right side of the turret, there was a periscope for the loading hand to observe, and in front of the left side of the turret, there was a periscope for the gunner to observe. These two periscopes could tilt in the vertical plane or rotate in the horizontal plane.
The tank was equipped with a high and low directional cannon stabiliser and a horizontal electric drive. The high and low stability accuracy was 1 mi, and the stable aiming angle range was-3.5~ 16. The maximum horizontal aiming speed of the commander through the target indicator was 10/s, the horizontal aiming speed of the gunner through the control panel was 0.05~10/s, and the high and low aiming speed was 0.05~4.5/s.
The tank uses a B2 series V-type 12-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine with a rated power of 382 kWh.(520 horsepower), nominal speed 2000r/min. On Type-59 medium tank, the maximum idling speed of this model of engine is set to 2250 50r/mir. On Type-59 medium tank, the resonance speed of this model of engine is 2500r/mir, the optimal operating speed is 1300 - 1600r/mir, and the maximum moment is 2256 98N·m.(230 /-10kgf.m), the maximum rotation speed is 1200 - 1300r/min, and the minimum stable rotation speed is not less than 500r/min. The average fuel consumption rate is not greater than 238g/kWh (175g/horsepower·h); The average engine oil consumption rate is no more than 10.9g/kWh (8g/horsepower·h). wet oil pan. The cooling system and the hydraulic system were equipped with a fin-tube water cooler and an oil cooler. The B2 series engine was the world's first diesel engine for tanks and was widely used in the Soviet Union. The B2 series engines of the People's Liberation Army (namely the 12150 series and 6150 series) included 59/69/62/63/79/80/85/96 tanks (including all variant vehicles), 63/77 armored vehicles, 86/92 infantry fighting vehicles, all self-propelled artillery in the 1980s, some Second Artillery missile launchers, imitation MAZ heavy off-road vehicles, and even drilling machines, generators, border/coastal defense boats, and hovercrafts all used the B2 series engines. Although the technology of this series of engines was relatively backward, due to its stable performance, simple and convenient manufacturing, convenient maintenance, and improvement, it could still play a great role today.
The tank used a fixed-shaft transmission with five forward gears and one reverse gear. It also used a multi-plate dry clutch, a two-stage planetary steering gear, and a single-toothed spur gear side decelerator.
The moving device is suspended by a twisted bar, and there are 5 steel load wheels on each side.(In order to save training costs, the training vehicles of this model are made of iron load wheels.) A hydraulic shock bumper is installed on the first and fifth load wheels on the left and right respectively. Single-pin Manganese Steel track shoes, 91 on each side. (Increase or decrease the number of track shoes depending on the training situation and wartime situation. Two steel thorn track shoes can be replaced in ice and snow. Two rubber track shoes can be replaced in cities during wartime.)
The tank was made of uniform steel armor, estimated to be 100mm thick at its thickest point. The vehicle was made of rolled steel plates and the turret was cast. The car was equipped with a semi-automatic fire extinguishing device and two portable fire extinguisher. The upper and lower inclined surfaces of the front inclined armor plate were equipped with four spare track shoes. The front mudguards on both sides were equipped with two spare track shoes. There were two electric ignition smoke canisters at the back of the car. 1 self-saving log.
On the basis of this tank, Type 59-1, Type 59-2, Type 59-2A and Type 59D medium tanks and Type 73 medium tank rescue tractor were developed.
In 1979, an improved design was carried out. The Type 59 medium tank was equipped with a laser range finder, an automatic watch fire control system, a steering hydraulic assist system, an automatic fire extinguishing device with a thermoelement sensor, a body shielding skirt, a camouflage antenna, an oil pressure loss alarm device, and an easy-to-open safety door. The improved tank had a greater degree of improvement than the Type 59 medium tank in terms of the first hit rate of the artillery, protection ability, maneuverability, reduction of crew fatigue, and ease of use. It also laid a good foundation for the improvement of the old products. Already equipped with Chinese troops.
With the development of technology, the Type 59 and Type 59-1 medium tanks were equipped with 100mm rifled guns that could fire tungsten armor-piercing rounds, armor-piercing rounds, and grenades. The initial velocity of the tungsten armor-piercing bullet was 1435m/s, which greatly increased the armor-piercing power.
59-2 Type 1 Medium Tank
In the early 1980s, the Type 59 medium tank was equipped with a 105mm rifled gun with a self-tightening tube, an automatic fire suppression system that could effectively prevent secondary effects, a VRC-8000 radio, and a VIC-I vehicle communicator. A number of mature improvements on the Type 59-1 medium tank were retained. This was the newly designed and developed Type 59-2 medium tank.
The 105mm rifled cannon could penetrate 150mm/30 uniform steel armor plates at a distance of 2000m, greatly increasing the power of the cannon. The automatic fire suppression system greatly increased the survivability of the tank. With the new communication equipment, the communication distance had also increased exponentially. The tank was designed in 1981, finalized in 1984, and produced in 1982 - 1985. It was already equipped with the Chinese army.
The tank's 105mm rifled gun was equipped with tail-stabilized armor-piercing sabot shells, armor-piercing shells, and armor-piercing shells; It had 38 rounds of ammunition and was equipped with a laser rangefinder and an automatic fire control system. It uses a hydraulic power steering control device and a powder alloy brake pad brake belt; Skirts were installed on both sides of the car.
The improved Type 59-1 and Type 59-2 medium-sized tanks could be equipped with rubber track plates, which improved the tank's driving ability on the road.
Type 59-2A Medium Tank
At the end of 1984, China's First Tractor Factory and other units began to develop the Type 59-2A medium-sized tank. In October 1985, a prototype vehicle was produced. It was equipped with a 105mm cannon with a light thermal sheath, a simple fire control system with a two-way automatic watch, a composite armor mounted on the front of the vehicle, an automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression device, and an automatic fire extinguishing device. At the same time, it used a thermal smoke screen and smoke bomb launcher, a hydraulic power control device, and an engineering operation device. The test showed that the firepower and maneuverability of the tank were significantly improved compared to the Type 59 tank. The protection, maneuverability and performance were also greatly improved. The working reliability was good, and the technology inheritance of the original Type 59 tank was strong and the cost was low.
Type 59D Medium Tank
In the 1990s, the world war began to change from mechanized warfare to information warfare. The new military revolution not only brought a huge impact to the military system, combat theory, and many other fields, but also brought opportunities and challenges to the military information construction. The emergence of the US military's digital troops further stimulated the desire of countries around the world to develop digital tanks and armored vehicles. At the same time, the equipment of our armored mechanized troops had been greatly improved. A batch of new second-generation tanks were gradually equipped. Although the modification of the 59 medium tank, represented by the 59-2 tank, was successful, its overall performance was still difficult to compete with the second-generation foreign tanks. In the new situation, the modification of the old 59 tank faced new challenges and opportunities.
In July 1990, according to the needs of our military equipment development, the headquarters of the People's Liberation Army made a timely decision to use modern high-tech to carry out a major transformation of the Type 59 medium tank. The relevant departments immediately carried out a plan demonstration and feasibility analysis. In June 1991, the military and local industrial departments conducted a study on the major modification of the 59 tank. In July of the same year, both the military and the ground determined a major improvement plan for the Type 59 tank after in-depth research. In August 1991, the headquarters approved and issued a major improvement plan and combat technical indicators for the Type 59 medium tank, and requested that the principle of "unitization, serialization, and combination" be implemented in the improvement. According to the requirements, the scientific research unit developed two improved prototype vehicles of the Type 59 tank, codenamed WZ120C. From July to August 1993, the research institute produced two modified prototype vehicles and completed the tactical and technical performance test. The test proved that the modified vehicle met the tactical and technical requirements proposed by the plan. In September of the same year, the improved prototype of the Type 59 tank (WZ120C) successfully passed the appraisal. From October 1993 to June 1994, the two prototype vehicles underwent the design test of the light spot injection fire control system. The test unit fired 367 rounds and conducted a number of shooting efficiency tests such as shooting at a stationary target in an inclined state. The results were satisfactory. From August 1994 to January 1995, the researchers conducted shooting tests, driving tests, fire control system tests, fire suppression and explosion suppression tests, smoke screen live ammunition projectiles, and cold zone adaptability tests on three sample vehicles. After the test, the relevant experts gave a high evaluation of the prototype and the second-generation light spot injection fire control system. In April 1995, the headquarters approved the design of the tank and named it ZTZ59D1 medium tank, or 59D1 medium tank for short.
On the basis of the ZTZ59D1 medium tank, the ZTZ59D medium tank (WZ120D) was developed. The main difference between it and the Type 59D1 medium tank was that it was equipped with a more powerful 105mm rifled tank cannon with an extended barrel, which increased the effective combat range of the tank cannon by nearly a kilometer. In November 1995, the headquarters approved the design of the ZTZ59D tank and named it the ZTZ59D medium tank. In 1996, Type 59 medium tanks were modified into Type 59D medium tanks in batches, and they have been imported and equipped with our armored mechanized units.
The 59D1 main battle tank used a large number of high-tech technologies. After improvement, its overall performance was basically the same as the second-generation foreign main battle tank. It truly achieved the " treasured sword never gets old " and became the " main battle tank " of our armored mechanized troops.
Type 73 Medium Tank Rescue Vehicle
The rescue vehicle was a variant of the Type 59 medium tank. It was designed by removing the turret of the Type 59 medium tank and installing a capstan, hand-operated hanger, and hoe on the chassis. It was used to rescue armored vehicles that had lost their self-rescue ability. It can implement rigid traction for vehicles that have lost their ability to move; Use the capstan to drag and rescue vehicles that have been silted up or fallen into the rock. When dragging and rescuing, insert the hoe into the ground to prevent the track from slipping. The vehicle and other engineering vehicles can be used to complete technical support tasks such as battlefield replacement and repair. The vehicle is equipped with a disassembled hand-cranked hanger with a lifting weight of up to 1000kg, which can be used to replace the engine and other components.
performance data
Model 5959-159-2
4 passengers 4 passengers 4 passengers
Total combat weight 36000kg 36000 kg36000kg
Net weight 34000kg 34000kg 34000kg
Unit power 10.6kWh/t 10.6kWh/t 10.6kWh/t
Captain
Cannon forward 9.000m 9.000m 9.194m
8.485m 8.485m 8.494m
Car body length 6.002m 6.002m 6.002m
vehicle width
Without skirt 3.270m3.270m3.270m
With skirt 3.307m 3.307m
vehicle height
Overall height: 2.750m2.750m2.750m
To turret top 2.400m2.400m2.400m
The height of the line of fire is 1.738m, 1.738m, 1.738m.
Distance from the bottom of the car to the ground: 0.425m0.425m0.425
Track width 580mm580 mm580mm
Track length: 3.840m3.840m3.840m
Distance from the center of the track: 2.640m2.640m2.640m
Maximum speed on the road: 50km/h50km/h50km/h
Average off-road speed 20~ 25km/h 20 ~ 25 km/h 20 ~25km/h
812L 812L 812L 200L
Maximum distance on the road 420~440km420~440km500km
Wading depth (unprepared) 1.4m 1.4m 1.4m
Gradeability 58% 58% 58%
Tilting slope 58% 58% 58%
Climb the vertical wall, 0.8m, 0.8m, 0.8m
Crossing the moat width 2.7m 2.7m 2.7m
engine
Production Company North Industries (Group) Corporation North Industries (Group) Corporation North Industries (Group) Corporation
Model 12150L12150L12150L
Type: 12V Water-cooled Engine 12V Water-cooled Engine 12V Water-cooled Engine
Power/Speed: 382 kWh/2000r/min382 kWh/2000r/min382 kWh/2000r/min
transmission device
Production Company North Industries (Group) Corporation North Industries (Group) Corporation North Industries (Group) Corporation
Type Fixed axis Mechanical Fixed axis Mechanical Fixed axis Mechanical
Number of forward/reverse gears 5/15/15/1
Type of steering gear: secondary planetary, secondary planetary, secondary planetary
Main weapon caliber/type: 100mm/Rifled bore: 100mm/Rifled bore: 105mm/Rifled bore
Parallel weapon caliber/type 7.62mm/machine gun 7.62/machine gun 7.62mm/machine gun
Air defense weapon caliber/type 12.7mm/machine gun 12.7mm/machine gun 12.7mm/machine gun
Smoke Bomb Launcher Type/Number Electric Smoke Bomb Launcher/2 Electric Smoke Bomb Launcher/2 Electric Smoke Bomb Launcher/2
Hot Smoke Nothingness
ammunition base
34 rounds, 34 rounds, 38 rounds
Anti-aircraft machine gun bullets 500 rounds 500 rounds 500 rounds
3000 rounds, 3000 rounds, 3000 rounds
Armor-piercing bullet, initial velocity: 1435 m/s 1435 m/s 1455 m/s
Fire rate 7 rounds/min7 rounds/min7 rounds/min
Turret Drive Mode Electric/Manual Electric/Manual Electric/Manual
Turret Rotation Range **
The captain is beyond control, level, level,
Cannon pitch range-5~ 18-5~ 18-5~ 18
Maximum pitch speed 4.5/s4.5/s4.5/s
Maximum turret rotation speed 10/s10/s10/s
Cannon Stabilizer
Level to None None None
High and low, there are, there are
Fire control system type: automatic loading, periscope micro-disturbance
Range finder, no, no, no
Body side skirt board None None None
Extinguishing and Explosion Suppression System
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