"Han Dynasty military system
The military system of the Western Han Dynasty not only inherited the system of the Qin Dynasty, but also had innovation. The emperor was still the supreme military commander. He controlled the entire army through the two central military leadership agencies that he directly controlled. These two organizations were the central security organization, which was composed of the doctor's order, the Wei Wei, and the lieutenant. It was the highest military administrative body in the country, consisting of Taiwei, Generals, Generals, and Wei.
The central security force could be divided into the palace guards and the capital guards. The palace guards were called the Southern Army, which was led by the doctor order (Guangluxun) and Wei Wei. The guards of the capital were called the northern army, and were led by a lieutenant (later renamed Zhijinwu). They were responsible for the daily security outside the palace and within the capital. In order to effectively control the army, the emperor set up a military leadership organization headed by the marshal in the center. In name, the Grand Marshal was the highest military officer, but in reality, he was only responsible for military administration and did not have the power to dispatch or command troops.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the position of Great General was set up, gradually replacing the Grand Marshal and taking over the military power. It even surpassed the authority of the Prime Minister. However, after Emperor Wu, it was set up and stopped, and its actual status varied from person to person.
The local administrative system of the Western Han Dynasty was a county system. The chief officer is called the prefect, and the second officer is called the duwei. The prefect is in charge of military and civilian affairs, and the duwei is in charge of military affairs. The latter was in charge of all military operations in the county and directly commanded the local troops. He had a lot of power. The military leadership at the county level was similar to that at the county level. The county magistrate was in charge of all military and political affairs, while the county lieutenant was in charge of military affairs. His main responsibility was to capture thieves and guard the territory. He had a certain degree of independence from the county magistrate. The village set up a tourist post, and there were pavilions below the village. There was a pavilion leader (Liu Bang was an official in the Qin Dynasty), which was the local military's grass-roots organization.
From the beginning of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the central government set up vassal states to deal with the ethnic minorities who surrendered or belonged to the Han Dynasty. The duwei of a vassal state was the highest officer of a vassal state. He was in charge of both military and civil affairs, which was another feature of the military system of the Han Dynasty. In order to strengthen the military control of the vassal states and border areas, the central government also sent some temporary military officers, known as Chijie Duhu, such as the Western Region Duhu, Qiang Guard Lieutenant, etc. Their status was equivalent to the prefect of the mainland, forming a unique local military leadership organization in the Han Dynasty. At the same time, it was also a special measure for the central government to control the border areas.
In the Western Han Dynasty, military service and labor service were not divided, and were collectively called corvee. All adult men had to serve in the military. First, they had to serve as a soldier in the county for a year. They would undergo military training and obtain the necessary military skills. Then, they would return to their hometown to farm and become the reserve soldiers of the country. In the future, according to the actual needs, he could serve as a garrison soldier for a year, or as a guard soldier for a year, or serve in the capital garrison. After the end of the year, they would have to do labor for a month in the local area. Their tasks were to build camps, beacon towers, palaces, tombs, river banks, transportation, and so on.
Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, chariots and cavalry were equally important. After that, cavalry replaced chariots and became the main force of the Han army. Cavalry played an important role in the several major battles of the Han-Hun War, making the ancient cavalry of the Chinese dynasty complete the transformation into a strategic military service and become the main force of the war.
The Han army was organized according to the department system. Under the general, there was an organizational system of department, Qu, Tun, Dui, Shi, and Wu. The Ministry was the highest level of establishment in the Han army. The officer in charge of the Ministry was called a lieutenant. His official rank was the same as the prefect. When he went out to battle, he was commanded by the general. Qu belonged to the Ministry, and the officer was called the military marquis, whose status was equivalent to the county magistrate. Tun leaders were set up, teams were set up, and the Shiwu was the most basic organization in the army. This military organization system is set up all year round. During wartime, the imperial court appoints generals to command and attack."
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