The Angel Who Saved Lives 2
Linger sang a lost elegy,"Have you been away from home for a long time?" Perhaps I should go back and pick up my fragmented dreams, but I was in tears. I should leave something for my youth. On a bright and beautiful night, the moon is dark and the wind is blowing. My sad song is mournful, like a note, dancing in the west wind. I fell more than once, and scum and trash walked with me. The thought of it made one sick. He missed the swaddling clothes of his childhood. The confused youth, the battle between ugliness and evil. I stepped on the body of a pervert, my heart shed tears of repentance, time and time again-I am the flower of the motherland, I am the elite of the motherland-
Thus, he would never stop reincarnating in that absurd youth. During the days of growing up, he would ask himself more than once, again and again, where his fate would lead in the future. Where would his future direction be? The road ahead was a thorny forest, even if the road ahead was a dead end. Even if the road ahead was a road of no return, even if he had to kneel or crawl, he would clench his teeth and walk on.
Perhaps one day, my life path will undergo an incredible reversal. I'll be growing up in my youth, and I'll have another brilliant life, and I'll be able to create another vast world.
From now on, I will no longer be obsessed with my past. I will also open my heart knot and start to face the legend of Fleming's Little Fly Again:
History did not ignore great scientific discoveries. Nine years later, the British pathologist, Fleming, read Fleming's article on pinching. At that time, he was looking for a new antiseptic drug and was very interested in the discovery of penicilin. He was determined to overcome the difficulties that Fleming had failed to overcome. He teamed up with the biochemistry scientist Ernest King and others to carry out the purification work of penicilin. Through the joint efforts of the biologists and the biologists, high-purity penicilin was finally born. When it was used on patients, the effect was very obvious. From then on, this inconspicuous green mold became a cure for diseases, causing a sensation throughout the world. For this, Fleming, Fleming, and Ernest King won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology.
Although Fleming modestly attributed the discovery of penicillin to chance, Fleming's meticulous and meticulous work attitude made this chance a great discovery.
When he was buying melons at a fruit store, Fleming discovered a watermelon with green hair. It was this watermelon that had gone bad in the eyes of ordinary people that made Fleming use Penicilin. To be successful, one must first have a pair of eyes that were good at discovering. In 1928, the British bacteria scientist Alexander. Fleming discovered that penicillum could secrete a substance to kill bacteria. He named this substance " penicillin," but he failed to purify it for clinical use. In 1929, Fleming published his research results. Unfortunately, this paper was not valued by the scientific community after it was published. Ten years later, the German mathematician Ernst? Qian En saw Fleming's paper in the pile of old books, so he began to do purification experiments. In the winter of 1940, Qian En extracted a little bit of penicillin. Although it was a major breakthrough, it was still far from clinical application.
In 1941, the baton for purifying penicillin was passed to Walter, an Australia pathologist. In Flory's hand. With the assistance of the U.S. military, Flory isolated bacteria from the soil brought back by the pilots from the various countries when they were out on missions, increasing the production of penicillin from 2 units per cubic centimeter to 40 units. Although this was still far from the production of penicillin, Flory was still very happy. One day, Flory was taking a walk on the street outside the laboratory door after work. He saw that the fruit shop by the roadside was full of watermelons." Your work has been progressing well recently. Buy a few watermelons to comfort your colleagues!"”As he thought about it, he walked into the fruit shop. The watermelons in this shop looked very good. Flory bent down and knocked on one with his index finger. Then, he picked up a few of them and was about to leave after paying when he suddenly saw a watermelon that had been squeezed out on the counter. Although this watermelon was slightly larger than the other watermelons, several parts of the watermelon skin had already festered, and a layer of green mold had grown on it. Flory stared at the rotten melon for a long time, then frowned and thought for a while. Suddenly, he said to the boss,"I want this one."
"Sir, that's the bad melon we just picked out. We're about to throw it away? If you eat it, your stomach will get sick." the boss reminded.
"Hehe, I want this one." As he spoke, Flory put down the watermelon in his arms and walked out of the fruit shop with the rotten melon in his hands.
"Sir, take those good melons with you. Consider this rotten melon a gift from me.”The boss shouted from behind.
"But I can't carry so many watermelons. Besides, what if I break this one?”
"Then, then I'll refund you the money for the melons just now!”The boss raised the money and chased after him, but Flory was already far away. The boss shook his head and looked at the back of this strange customer in confusion.
After Flory returned to the laboratory with the rotten watermelon, he immediately took a little green mold from the watermelon and began to cultivate the strain. Soon, the experimental results came out. What made Flory excited was that the amount of penicillin obtained from the rotten watermelon increased from 40 units per cubic centimeter to 200 units. This was an unexpected discovery!
In October 1943, Flory signed the first batch of contracts with the U.S. military for the production of penicillin. The invention of penicillin at the end of World War II quickly reversed the situation of the allied countries. After the war, penicillin was widely used, saving tens of millions of lives. Because of this great invention, Flory shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Biology and Medicine with Fleming and Chane.
When an opportunity was thrown aside like a rotten watermelon, if you could find it and treat it like a treasure, then congratulations, you would succeed.
Three winners for discovering a toxin twice: On February 12, 1941, a 43-year-old policeman was admitted to a major hospital in London. He was a dying patient in a state of shock. After consultation, the specialists concluded that his blood poisoning was very serious and could not be saved. Therefore, Dr. Flory, who was studying penicillin, decided to make the police officer the first patient in the clinical trial of the use of penicillin. He received a shot of penicillin, and then another shot every three hours. A miracle happened: 24 hours later, his condition had improved significantly. On the third day, the police officers had already regained consciousness. On the fifth day, the patient wanted to eat. However, on the sixth day, the penicillin cultivated by Flory had been used up, and this effective drug could no longer be found in London. Flory watched helplessly as the policeman's condition worsened and he finally died. Was the treatment a success or a failure? Some people might think that it was a failure because the patient still died in the end. However, Dr. Flory thought it was a success. He saw the power of penicillin in the changes in the police's condition. He was keenly aware that Dr. Fleming's discovery of this substance would be one of the greatest discoveries of the century and could potentially save millions of lives.
It was an interesting story that Fleming had discovered penicillin. In 1928, Fleming became a doctor at London's Merry Hospital. This 47-year-old middle-aged man was vigorously researching ways to deal with staph. One of the reasons why people's wounds festered after they were injured was because of the staph bacteria. Fleming cultivated staph in petri dishes and then experimented with various drugs to destroy them. He had spent several years on this job, and had yet to find anything-this staph was a tough nut to crack!
One morning in September, Fleming found a clump of green moldy hair growing in one of the petri dishes. Obviously, this was caused by some kind of natural mold. This made him feel frustrated because the culture in this petri dish was useless. Fleming was about to throw away the moldy culture when he suddenly had an idea. Take it under the microscope. "Ah!" Fleming looked at the microscope and immediately became excited." Near the mold, the staph bacteria died! Was this the nemesis of the staph that he had been dreaming of and had been chasing for several years? Fleming immediately began to cultivate the green mold in large quantities. He filtered the culture fluid and dripped it into the staph. As a result, the staph bacteria all died within a few hours. Dilute the filtered liquid 800 times and drip it into the staph, and it can still kill the staph! Fleming called this culture fluid Penicilin. Next, he did a pathological test and injected penicillin into the mice. The results showed that there was no effect, proving that penicillin was not toxic to animals. He dripped the liquid into the rabbit's eyes again, but he did not find anything unusual. In June 1929, Fleming wrote his findings into a paper and published it in the British journal Experimental Pathology. However, you might not have imagined that this paper did not attract the attention of the medical community. Some people thought that the nature of penicillin was very unstable and was not worth in-depth research. Fleming himself could not continue his research for various reasons. The newly born penicillin was banished to the cold palace. In 1938, the British doctors, Fleming and Chane, discovered Fleming's article when they were studying lysomes. This attracted their attention, and they immediately began to continue Fleming's research. This was considered to be the second discovery in the history of science. After filtering, concentrating, purifying, and drying the liquid toxin that Fleming had discovered, they finally obtained a yellow powder. After many experiments, they confirmed that the potency of penicillin was extremely high. It could still effectively kill bacteria even after being diluted 500,000 times. This was a new type of antiseptic with great clinical value. They also conducted the first clinical trial of penicillin in 1941, which we mentioned earlier. However, the method to extract the penicillin at that time was not ideal. Penicilin extracted from 100 kilograms of penicillum culture fluid was only enough to treat a patient for a day. This method of production required a lot of money and resources. At that time, it was the Second World War. The United Kingdom did not have the strength to carry out such expensive production research, and the war urgently needed a large number of high-efficiency antibiotics. At the request of the United Kingdom, the United States took on this task. The results showed that the bacteria growing on the surface of the rotten melon was the best. The culture fluid made of cornmeal was the most conducive to reproduction; It was most suitable for mass production at a temperature of 24 ° C. These three conditions were not difficult to achieve. Penicilin was finally mass-produced and became a cheap special drug. In 1945, Fleming, Fleming, and Chane, who had made the second discovery of penicillin, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Someone commented on the discovery of penicillin: "Fleming's discovery of penicillin was both accidental and lucky. This discovery was caused by the coincidental appearance of three factors at the same time.”One of the factors was that the mold that fell into Fleming's petri dish happened to be the one that secreted penicillin. The second factor was that the bacteria in the petri dish happened to be able to be killed by penicillin. The third reason was that Fleming himself was doing an experiment. If it were anyone else, they would have thrown away the petri dish with the " bacteria " as usual. This statement was not unreasonable at all. However, if you thought about it carefully, you would know that this was inseparable from Fleming's painstaking search over the years. It was inseparable from his serious and meticulous work attitude. As the famous French microbiologist Pasteur said,"In the field of observation, chance favors only the prepared mind.”"Achoo! Aiyo, the Medicine King Bodhisattva has shown his spirit?”The mixed chairman was confused again."What do you mean?" "Penicillin-ha-ha-ha!"
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