There was no special purpose for entering the mountain today, so he could enjoy the magnificent scenery of the Qinling Mountains in his spare time.
The people imprisoned in the city would never understand the shock of the towering mountain before their eyes.
No matter north, south, east, or west, the Qinling Mountains filled his eyes.
Among the 100 gifts God gave to mankind, there were three mountains, one of which was the Qinling Mountains.
In a broad sense, the Qinling Mountains were a huge mountain range that stretched from east to west in the central part of China. It started from Baishi Mountain in the north of Lintan County in Gansu Province in the west and was divided by Dieshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain. It entered Shaanxi Province through the Maiji Mountain in the south of Tianshui. At the junction of Shaanxi and Henan, it is divided into three branches. The north branch is Xiao Mountain, and the remaining vein extends eastward along the south bank of the Yellow River, commonly known as Mangshan Mountain. The middle branch is Bear's Ear Mountain, and the south branch is Funiu Mountain. A small part of the southern part of the mountain range extended from Shaanxi to Yun County in Hubei.
In a narrow sense, the Qinling Mountains were located in the middle of the Qinling Mountains, a part of the central Shaanxi Province. It was said that Mount Taibai of the Qinling Mountains was the territory of the Qin State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was also the highest mountain range in the Qin State, so it was named Qinling Mountains. In the Han Dynasty, it was called the Qinling Mountains, and because it was located south of Guanzhong, it was called the Nanshan Mountains.
The Qinling Mountains were 1600 kilometers long, tens of kilometers to 200 to 300 kilometers wide from north to south. They were vast and magnificent. It is located in the southern part of Gansu and Shaanxi and the western part of Henan, and a small part extends into the northwest of Hubei, forming a "one" shape with both ends slightly tilted to the north. The area was about 120,000 square kilometers. The mountains are high in the west and low in the east. To the north of the mountain range were the Yellow Plateau and the North China Plain, and to the south were the Qiuling Red Basin and the Jianghan Plain.
The western part of the Qinling Mountains was relatively low, with the peak about 2000 meters above sea level. There are Cheng County, Hui County, Liangdang and other basins between the mountains. The East Qinling Mountains to the east of the upper reaches of the Jialing River were in an east-west direction. They were folded tightly, with huge mountains and narrow valleys. The average height of the mountains was about 2,000 - 3,000 meters. The main peak, Mount Taibai, was 3767 meters above sea level. It was one of the few mountains in the eastern part of China that exceeded 3000 meters. There were ancient glacier ruins on the top of the mountain. The Qinling Mountains were adjacent to the Weihe Plain in the north, and there was a large fault in between, which was a fault block structure that tilted north and south.
The Qinling Mountains were the dividing line between the north and south of the Chinese climate. This was especially evident in the huge barrier effect of the winter and summer wind. The Qinling Mountains also had a blocking effect on water vapor. The average annual rainfall on the southern slope was above 800 mm, and the rainfall on the northern slope was mostly below 800 mm. The rivers to the north of the Qinling Mountains had smaller volumes of water, but the flow rate varied greatly. The flood season was short, the silt content was high, and they froze in winter. The river to the south flows in reverse. The northern slope of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River were used to divide the climate. The north of the Qinling Mountains had a warm and humid, semi-humid climate, and the south of the Qinling Mountains had a humid climate.
The natural landscape in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains was different. On the north slope, there are warm temperate-zone conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest and decidual broad-leaved forest, mountainous Qinling scenic brown soil and mountainous brown soil. The southern slope is the northern part of the northern subtropics, where there are decidual broad-leaved mixed forests with evergreen broad-leaved trees, yellow-brown soil and yellow-brown soil. Subtropical economic trees were planted in the valley basin, such as orange, loquat, tung tree, oil tea, palm, tea, Chinese tallow, Chinese fir, masson pine and cypress.
The main ridge is located on the north side, the north slope is steep and short, and the south slope is gentle and long. The water element was also not symmetrical. There are many valleys between the mountains, which are the traffic channels between the north and the south. Baoji-Chengdu railway passes through the mountainous area along the Jialing River valley. The Qinling Mountains had an obvious blocking effect on the airflow. In summer, the moist ocean airflow is not easy to penetrate deep into the northwest, making the northern climate dry. In winter, the cold wave was blocked from invading southward, so that Hanzhong Basin and Sichuan Basin were less affected by cold air. As a result, the Qinling Mountains became the dividing line between the subtropics and the warm temperats. The rivers in the south of the Qinling Mountains were not frozen. The vegetation was mainly evergreen broad-leaved forests, and the soil was mostly acidic. North of the Qinling Mountains was the famous Yellow Plateau. The average temperature in January was below 0 ° C, the rivers were frozen, the plants were mainly decidual-leaved broad-leaved trees, and the soil was rich in calcium. The Qinling Mountains and the Bailong River basin still have forests, and there are precious animals and plants. Foping in Hanzhong was one of the places of origin of giant pandas. The walnuts in Shangluo area and the Angelica in Min County were famous for their high yield and high quality.
The natural landscape of the northern and southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains was obviously different. The northern slope of the Yellow River basin is a warm and moderate mixed forest and decidual broad-leaved forest zone. Due to long-term agricultural development, most of the trees are now secondary forests. The flora and animal species in the Qinling Mountains have obvious transition surnames, mixed surnames and complex surnames. Among the wild animals, there were precious species such as giant pandas, golden monkeys, antelopes, etc. The birds were protected by the state, such as the crested ibis and black stork. Qinling now has a national Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve.
The Qinling Mountains not only separated the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, but also formed the Yellow River culture and the Yangtze River culture with their own characteristics. It also nourished the self-improvement, introverted and heavy Yellow River culture, and solidified the courage and courage of the 5,000-year history of the Chinese dynasty. The importance of the Qinling Mountains was not only reflected in its unique ecosystem, but also in its history and culture.
In the ancient historical records of the Qinling Mountains, the first book describing the distribution of ancient mountains in China was Yu Gong. In Yu Gong, there were three lines and four columns of mountains in China. The Qinling Mountains are in the middle, which is listed as the middle section, followed by the saying of "Three Rivers and Two Abstinences", and the Qinling Mountains divide the yin and yang of the collaterals. Kunlun Mountain has three long mountains, while Qinling Mountain is the middle long mountain. Cong Ling has three trunks, and Qinling is the middle trunk, and so on. Therefore, the Qinling Mountains had become an important mountain range in China a long time ago. It was also known as the Long Lineage of China, which suppressed the fate of China.
Hanzhong, Ankang, and Shangluo regions had long discovered the cultural sites of the early, middle, and late Paleoliths. It could be inferred that human activities had begun in southern Shaanxi 1,000 to 200,000 years ago. The bronze tripod, chime bells, and porcelain unearthed in Yangjia Village of Majia Town showed that the ancestors had a long history of reproduction in the Qinling Mountains. Many primitive social sites in many counties in the Qinling Mountains confirmed the footprints of ancient human activities here.
In the Records of the Historian and the Book of Han, there was a saying," Tianshui Longxi Mountain is rich in forests; Bashu Guanghan was originally a southern Yi people, Qin annexed it as a county, the forest is rich in bamboo, wood and fruit; Wudu area mixed Di Qiang, are southwest Yi people, Emperor Wu just opened up governance; There were records of the Han River, the lakes, the forests, or the burning of crops, the hunting of fish, and the cutting of mountains. It was enough to show that the forests in the Qinling Mountains were prosperous at that time, and agricultural planting, fishing, and logging were the main methods of production.
The cultural landscape in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains also had their own characteristics.
In the western part of the Qinling Mountains, there was a cave in the Maiji Mountain. The cliff of the mountain stood upright, like a pile of wheat. Since the beginning of the post-Qin period, there are still 194 caves carved, more than 7000 Buddha statues, and more than 1300 square meters of murals. It is a treasure trove of ancient sculpture art.
The Guanzhong Plain in the north was known as the "Eight Hundred Li Qinchuan". Since the Neoliths, humans had been farming and settling down. It was a famous place for cultural relics and historical sites in China. To the south of the Qinling Mountains was the Sichuan Basin, the Land of Abundance. The Qionglai Mountains and the Chengdu Plain were also the origins of the Shu Han civilization. According to the archaeological discoveries of the Sanxing Dui in Guanghan and the Jinsha Ruins in Chengdu, the ancestors of Shu had mastered very advanced bronze smelting and jade processing techniques as early as 3000 years ago in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. They were a wonderful work in the history of ancient civilization in China. The deep valley between the north and south has been the traffic channel between the north and south since ancient times. Among them, there are famous Chencang Road through Jinbao (Chicken)-Chengdu (Capital) railway, Ziwu Road from Xi'an to Ningshan, Baoshang Road beside Baoshui and Xieshui, as well as Tangluo Road and Zhouyang Road. There were many cultural relics and historical stories on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains and the southern edge of the Guanzhong Plain. There are Qin Shihuang's mausoleum and many imperial mausoleums, Zhou Dynasty Fenghao ruins, Qin Afang Palace ruins, Louguan Platform, Zhang Liang's tomb, Cai Lun's tomb and other historical sites. Zhongnan Mountain, located more than 40 kilometers south of Xi'an City, had beautiful scenery since ancient times. In the Book of Songs, Qin Feng, there was a poem that said,"What is Zhongnan? There are plum blossoms." In the Tang Dynasty, officials and gentry built villas here, among which Wang Wei's Wangchuan Villa was the most famous. Most of Wang Wei's beautiful landscape poems described the scenery here. The Tang Dynasty poet Zu Yong's "Looking at the Snow in Zhongnan" had a poem that read,"The Yinling of Zhongnan is beautiful, the snow is at the end of the clouds, the forest is clear, and the city is cold at dusk." There are also beautiful peaks such as Cuihua Mountain, Nanwutai Mountain and Lishan Mountain nearby. There are more than 40 large and small temples such as Taiyi Palace and Laojun Nunnery built since the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the mountains. It is a good place for sightseeing and summer vacation in Guanzhong.
There were also 72 mountains on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains. Logically speaking, the Qinling Mountains are high and steep, with thousands of ravines and valleys. There should be no distinction between the north and south. Why is there a saying of "72 valleys of Qinling Mountains" on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains? When did this saying begin to spread? This needs to be verified by historians. I think there may be two reasons. One is Xi'an (Chang 'an) was the capital of emperors since ancient times. The northern slope of Qinling Mountains was very close to Xi'an. The long-term historical infection had created a rich history, geography, religion, and cultural content in the northern slope of Qinling Mountains. This was an area that was constantly involved and fully developed by humans. In history, emperors and generals used this place as a summer hunting ground, literati used this place as a place to seek seclusion, monks and hermits used this place as a place to cultivate their bodies and raise their surnames, and fugitives and refugees used this place as a refuge. Traders and travelers used this place as a way to reach Sichuan, so in order to distinguish the various yukou on the northern slope of the Qinling Mountains, there would naturally be relatively widespread place names. Another example was that the ancients often used 72 valleys to describe many, just like the well-known "Sun Wukong 72 changes","workers, peasants, soldiers, learning business 72 lines", etc. The 72 valleys were only used to describe the many valleys at the mouth of the valley. In fact, if you looked at the map or counted along the mountain, you would find that the northern slope of Qinling Mountains was far more than these 72 valleys. However, because many valleys were relatively small (short) or not very famous, they were not listed.
The Qinling Mountains were called Nanshan in ancient times. The Book of Songs had the phrase " Jie Bi Nanshan ", Yu Gong had the phrase " Zhong Nan Dun Wu ", and the Classic of Mountains and Seas had the phrase " Nanshan ". According to historical records, the name of Nanshan had been around for a long time. In the Records of the Historian, it was said that the Qinling Mountains were a great obstacle to the world. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dongfang Shuo had the "South Mountain is the most dangerous place in the world". Especially after Han Yu criticized Chaozhou's poem "Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling Mountain", the name of Qinling Mountain spread far and wide with Han Yu's poem. Nanshan was also known as Zhongnan Mountain, and Zuo Zhuan had "the danger of Zhongnan Jiuzhou Island". Gu Zuyu's "Reading History Fangyu Minutes" said: " The Zhongnan Mountain Range starts from Kunlun Mountain, and its tail holds Mount Song." In the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Fengzhi wrote "An Examination of Nanshan Valley Mouth","Starting from Tongguan in the east and Baoji in the west, where Nanshan Valley Mouth faces north, it is 150", which is the mountain area of Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi.
Zhang Wenyuan recalled the introduction of Qinling Mountains that he had learned online in his previous life. Most of them were about the geographical distribution, climate, and culture. They were all official digital propaganda. There was not much description of the natural landscape in the mountains, or they did not know much about it because they had not entered that field.
Now that he was surrounded by the mountains and faced the primitive ecological natural scenery, he could personally experience the precipitousness, peculiarity, and magnificence of the Qinling Mountains.
This book comes from：m.funovel.com。