As long as a person was always emotional, he would either confirm or deny everything. No matter whether the conditions were ripe or not, as long as he wanted it, he would get it immediately. As long as he didn't like it, he would abandon it no matter whether it was objectively needed or not. Once his own will couldn't be satisfied, he would fly into a rage immediately. Such a person was immature regardless of age.
A person started from reality. He neither affirmed nor denied everything. He followed the law of quantitative change and qualitative change. When the time was not ripe, he did not force it or act on emotions. He did everything according to objective laws. Such a person was a mature person regardless of age.
When an immature person fought a mature person, no matter how high they jumped, they would never be able to jump out of the palm of the mature person. In the end, they would definitely lose. King Xia Jie was an immature person and often made mistakes. If he fought with Shang Tang, he would definitely lose.
Tang was the fourteenth generation grandson of Qi. After inheriting the position of the leader of the Shang tribe, he learned from Yao and Shun and implemented benevolent policies. When he saw people hunting with nets on all sides, he said,"Hey, you've killed all the beasts just like that!”If all the beasts were killed, they would not be able to hunt anything in the future. He ordered people to remove the net from three sides, leaving only one net to hunt. This way, there would be beasts that were hunted, and there would be beasts that escaped.
Tang knew the importance of the mass line. He reduced the taxes of the people, cherished talents, appointed virtuous people, and handled things fairly. He was always in harmony with the people and won the support of the people.
On the other hand, King Jie of Xia acted as he pleased, doing whatever he wanted. He increased the exploitation of the people, treated talents as mud, trusted people with bad morals, killed virtuous and loyal officials, and lost the hearts of the people.
In the beginning, King Jie of Xia was much more powerful than Shang Tang. King Jie of Xia had nine states, while Shang Tang's territory was only 70 miles. Shang Tang moved the capital of Shang from Shangqiu (southwest of Suiyang District of Shangqiu in Henan Province) to Bo (southwest of Gushu Town of Yucheng County in Shangqiu in Henan Province). With great efforts, the Shang tribe became stronger and stronger day by day.
The Ge tribe (now Ningling County, Shangqiu, Henan Province) was a country west of Bo, the capital of the Shang Kingdom (now southwest of Gushu Town, Shangqiu). The lives of the Ge people were difficult. Tang sent people to deliver food and wine to the Shang people who helped the Ge people cultivate, but each time, they were snatched away by Gerber. Once, a child went to deliver wine and meat. Because he resisted robbery, he was killed by Gerber's men. Tang led his troops to Ge and killed Gerber. When the people of Ge saw that Tang had killed Gerber, they all voluntarily submitted to Shang.
Someone reminded King Xia Jie," Shang Tang has been working hard to make the country prosperous. He has recently destroyed Gerber and has been expanding his territory. When Shang's strength exceeds Your Majesty's, he will definitely seize Your Majesty's world. Your Majesty, please be prepared."”
At this time, Xia Jie Wang summoned Zhang Tang into the court. If Tang refused to enter the court, it would mean that he was disobeying the order, and King Jie would send an army to attack Tang. If King Jie of Xia sent an army to attack, the Shang Tang tribe would definitely be destroyed. Shang Tang didn't refuse and brought his followers to the capital of Xia Jie. Seeing that Shang Tang had obediently come to court, King Xia Jie could not find any reason to kill him, so he ordered Tang to be imprisoned in Xia Tai (Xia Dynasty prison).
Yi Yin and Zhong Hui knew that King Xia Jie was a greedy and lecherous person, so they presented the most beautiful women and the most precious jade and playthings of the Shang tribe to King Xia Jie. They praised King Xia Jie and told him how loyal Shang Tang was. They told him that everything he did was to serve King Xia Jie and swore that the Shang tribe would be loyal to the Xia Dynasty for generations to come.
King Xia Jie was overjoyed. Not only did he release Shang Tang, but he also conferred the title of Fang Bo, the leader of each tribe. He had the right to use the name of the emperor to crusade against the various dukes.
After Shang Tang returned to the Shang tribe, he kept a low profile and tried his best to seize the world of King Jie. He listened to Yi Yin's plan and stopped paying tribute to King Jie. King Jie was furious and immediately mobilized the Nine Barbarians to attack Shang Tang. Seeing that the Nine Barbarians were still listening to King Jie, Shang Tang quickly negotiated peace and resumed paying tribute.
Around 1601 B.C., Shang Tang once again listened to Yi Yin's plan and stopped paying tribute to King Jie of Xia. King Jie of Xia once again mobilized the army of the Nine Barbarians to attack Shang Tang, but the army of the Nine Barbarians did not listen to him. Shang Tang knew that the time was ripe and began to take over the Xia Dynasty. First, he exercised the power granted to him by King Jie of Xia. In the name of the Son of Heaven, he attacked the Wei tribe (now east of Hua County, Henan Province), the Gu tribe (now northeast of Juancheng, Shandong Province), and Kunwu (now within Xuchang, Henan Province), destroying the three kingdoms loyal to King Jie of Xia. He went on 11 expeditions like this, cutting off King Xia Jie's wings. Then, he pointed the spearhead at King Jie of Xia. King Jie of Xia fled at the sight of the wind, and the Xia Dynasty was destroyed. Shang Tang steadily established the Shang Dynasty.
At that time, the concept of materialist metaphysics had not yet existed. However, Shang Tang's thoughts and actions had unknowingly completely aligned with materialist metaphysics. He had started from reality, respected objective laws, and firmly followed the mass line to win over the hearts of the people. When he could not defeat King Xia Jie, he would not fight with him. After a period of time, the situation changed. When he was certain of victory, he unceremoniously declared war on King Xia Jie and naturally won.
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