There was an important figure in the Shang Dynasty that was not recorded in Sima Qian's Records of the Historian. However, in 1976, a complete tomb of the royal family of the Shang Dynasty was discovered in the northwest of Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan Province. There were 1928 burial items unearthed, including more than 440 bronze objects, more than 590 jade objects, and more than 560 bone objects. In addition, there were also stone tools, ivory products, pottery, 755 jade ornaments from Xinjiang and other places, more than 7000 seashells from Taiwan, Hainan and even further away, and 47 gemstones of various colors. The exquisiteness of the artifacts was almost impossible for modern people to achieve, such as exquisite jade figures and ivory cups inlaid with turquoise. A large number of bronze artifacts were unearthed with the inscription "Fu Hao". The owner of the tomb is a woman who has lived for more than three thousand years
Among the more than 10,000 pieces of oracle bones unearthed from the Yin Ruins, Fu Hao's name appeared more than 200 times. The text at that time accurately recorded Fu Hao's situation. Fu Hao, surnamed Hao (ancient pronunciation), had the same surname as her son. Because she was a woman, women were called "Hao" and were the queen of King Wuding of Shang.
Fuhao was a little sick, and even when she sneezed, Wuding would ask her if she was lucky or unlucky."Zhen: A woman sneezes, only to get sick?" It meant that Fuhao sneezed. Was she going to get sick?
However, Fuhao passed away at the age of 33. Wuding was extremely sad and could not bear to be separated from Fuhao. He buried Fuhao in the palace where he worked and lived, accompanying her day and night. Every time Fuhao died, Wuding would lead the descendants of the royal family and the ministers to hold a grand memorial ceremony. Even so, Wuding still felt that he was not enough to protect Fuhao in the Underworld, so he held many netherworld marriages for Fuhao and betrothed her soul to Zuyi, Taijia, and Chengtang. Zuyi, Taijia, and Chengtang were the virtuous kings of the Shang Dynasty. Wuding felt that they were also famous figures in the Underworld. With Zuyi, Taijia, and Chengtang protecting Fuhao in the Underworld, Wuding was slightly relieved.
Wuding was a wise ruler of the Shang Dynasty. What kind of person was Fuhao to win Wuding's respect and love?
From Taijia to Wuding, the Shang Dynasty experienced 19 generations of monarchs. During this period, it sometimes flourished and sometimes declined. After Pan Geng succeeded to the throne, he moved the capital to Yin (now Anyang, Henan). Therefore, the Shang Dynasty was also called "Yin" and "Yin Shang". Sima Qian recorded the history of the Shang Dynasty in "Yin Ben Ji".
Emperor Pangeng died and his younger brother Xiao Xin ascended the throne. After the death of Little Emperor Xin, his younger brother Xiaoyi ascended the throne. After the death of Xiaoyi Emperor, his son Wuding ascended the throne. Wuding was Pan Geng's nephew. When he succeeded to the throne, the Shang Dynasty declined again. Wuding wanted to revive the Shang Dynasty.
Fu Hao was a princess from a northern tribe of the Shang Dynasty. She was capable of governing the country with her literary skills and bringing peace with her martial skills. The bronze weapons unearthed from her tomb weighed nine kilograms. She had extraordinary arm strength and used both hands to wield weapons.
At that time, the ancient Indo-European people living in the eastern part of present-day Ukraine and the southern part of Russia were looking for a place with good living conditions. There was a historical event called the "Indo-European migration". One of them went west to Western Europe, one went south to India, and one went east to Xinjiang. Wherever they went, they did not integrate with the local people, but attempted to exterminate the local people. In order to fight against foreign invasions, she had gone out to war many times.
One summer, foreign enemies invaded the northern border. The generals sent by Wuding to conquer the enemy could not defeat the enemy for a long time. Fu Hao said,"Let me go!" Wuding thought that if a male general with strong martial arts could not defeat the enemy, could a woman do it? Besides, knives and spears were blind. If Fu Hao had an accident in battle, it would be too late to regret. Wuding hesitated. Fuhao saw through Wuding's thoughts and fought with the warriors in front of Wuding, knocking the large group of warriors to the ground. Fu Hao was strong in martial arts and had a better military strategy. Wu Ding and Fu Hao knew this very well. Fu Hao said,"What else is there to worry about, Your Majesty?"”Wuding was still worried, so he called the fortune-teller to perform a divination. The result was that Fuhao led the army to go out. Only then did Wuding agree to Fuhao leading the army.
Fu Hao led the troops to the front line. The military orders were strict and the command was good. Soon, the battle arrangements were made. When they fought with the enemy, Fu Hao was at the forefront. She took the head of the general in the army as if no one was there. She defeated the enemy in one battle and won.
Fuhao returned to court after winning, and Wuding celebrated for her. The generals said that Fuhao was brave and resourceful, and the highest-ranking commander also sincerely requested that Fuhao lead them to war in the future. Wuding was very happy, but he secretly said to Fuhao,""In the future, you will command from the rear. The soldiers will charge forward, but you don't have to.”
From then on, Fuhao sometimes followed Wuding out to battle, sometimes led the army alone, as usual rushed to the front. Once, Fu Hao led more than 13,000 people to fight against the Qiang in Gansu and won a complete victory. This was the largest battle in the Wuding period. Fu Hao led the army to conquer and defeat more than 20 small countries, including Beitu and Guifang. The Northern Earth Kingdom was a country established after the descendants of the Xia Dynasty fled to the northern desert. Guifang was a tribe that lived in the northwest of China during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. They were descendants of the Great Kui family, who had a marriage alliance with the Yellow Emperor. Since the beginning of this century, through archaeological excavation and research work in China, the former Soviet Union, and Mongolia, it was proved that Guifang had moved to Siberia in the south, Lake Baikal in the east, and Lake Balkhashi in the west. The culture of deer as a totem had reached as far as Berlin and other places in the country of Germany.
Fu Hao was the first female military commander in the history of China. She was also an outstanding politician, management scholar, and diplomat.
The oracle bone inscriptions recorded the many government affairs that Fu Hao participated in. Wuding often sent Fu Hao out to handle affairs, recording things like," Is Fu Hao coming to Great Shang?”、"Wuding ordered Fuhao to go somewhere. Did it go smoothly?”This kind of divination asked.
Fu Hao managed the affairs of the court, sent people to do things, cooperated with the ministers to do things for the court, and met many women ("many women" was the general term for the more than 60 concubines of Wuding). These activities were recorded in the oracle.
when a woman is happy, she will still see the old. Rulers met with the elderly (the elderly of Gao Dezhao, a middle-aged noble of the time) to express their respect for the elderly and to protect their subjects. Wuding had also sent Fu Hao to do this, which showed his trust in Fu Hao. At the same time, it also showed how noble and extraordinary Fu Hao's status was.
Fu Hao often presided over sacrificial and divination activities. In her era, people worshipped destiny. Almost all national events had to be repeatedly divined and prayed to ghosts and gods. Sacrifice was one of the most important national activities. Fu Hao presided over the sacrifice, which meant that she had extensive knowledge and a high status, and became the actual decision-maker of the country's major state affairs.
Fu Hao had her own fief, not only land, slaves, but also an army of more than 3,000 people. In that era, the total military strength of an ordinary small country might not even reach this number. Fu Hao often lived in her own fief and became the ruler of a region.
In short, Fuhao participated in many affairs of the Shang Dynasty. She was involved in everything that men could do. She was not inferior to men. She helped Wuding create the prosperous age of Wuding, which was no less than a wise king. It was a pity that it was not recorded in Sima Qian's Records of the Historian. Fortunately, the oracle bone inscriptions of Fuhao's era were preserved, so that people more than 3,000 years later knew about Fuhao's deeds.
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