Duke Mu of Qin and Chong 'er drank to their heart's content. Chong' er thought that with Duke Mu of Qin's support, it was only a matter of time before he returned to the State of Jin to seize power. He became even happier and recited the poem " River Water " to boost his spirits. He used the river water returning to the sea as an analogy for traveling around the world. In the end, he came to the State of Qin, just like a drop of water returning to the sea. Duke Mu of Qin also recited a poem,"
In June, the army was ready. The four horses were dressed in ordinary clothes.玁狁（xiǎnyǔn）孔炽，我是用急。The king went to war to save the country.
Comparing the four kinds of things, it is the rule of leisure. In six months, my clothes have been completed. When the clothes were ready, they were thirty miles away. The king went to war to assist the emperor.
The four stallions are tall and wide, and the big one is Yong. The king of the land was attacked and reported to the king of the land. There are strict rules and wings, and they are all wearing military uniforms. The king of the kingdom was pacified by the common army.
He lived in the state of Jiao and Huo. The army invaded Gao and Fang and reached Jingyang. Weaving the pattern of birds, white silk (pèi) center. Yuan Rong ten chariots, in advance to set out.
The chariot was at peace, and the carriage was as high as the porch. The four steeds were both fast and idle. The army attacked the city and reached Dayuan. Civil and military affairs are auspicious, and all countries are governed by laws.
Ji Fu was happy and received a lot of blessings. I came back from Gao, and my journey lasted forever. He drank with his friends and ate turtles and carp. Who is the marquis? Zhang Zhongxiao is a friend.
Translated into modern language, it meant:
In June, the army was dispatched without rest, and the chariots were repaired and prepared. The four male horses were fat and strong, and everyone put on their battle clothes. The attack is particularly fierce, and our border is in danger. The King of Zhou ordered me to go to war and defend the country. Don't refuse.
The four black horses were matched well, and the horses were skilled and abiding by the rules. It was June in the middle of summer, and they were dressed neatly on the battlefield. Put on your clothes and march neatly on the battlefield, marching thirty miles to the frontier. The King of Zhou ordered me to go out and assist the emperor in protecting the country.
The four stallions were tall and long, with wide heads and big ears. He attacked fiercely and established meritorious service and fame. The generals were strict and disciplined, and they worked together to report to the border defense. Work together to report the border defense, stabilize the country and the people's well-being.
The enemy is not weak, Jiao Huo is busy preparing for war. The targets were Gaodi and Fangdi, and they would soon reach Jingyang. Our army's flying bird flag is raised, and the white streamer is bright and bright. Our army has ten chariots. It is difficult to block the vanguard.
Our chariots are very safe, both in front and behind, high and low. The four stallions marched in unison, neat and tame. Fierce attack crusade against the enemy, march into Taiyuan, the enemy lost courage. Yin Jifu, both civil and military, is a good example for all countries to follow.
The banquet was full of joy and finally won the emperor's generous reward. It had been a long time since he returned from Haojing. Pouring good wine to toast friends, steaming turtles, fish and delicacies are fragrant. Who else was at the banquet? Xiaoyou Zhang Zhong was also present.
When the Xia Dynasty was destroyed, Chun Wei, the son of King Jie of Xia, led a group of Xia people to flee far into the northern desert. They lived as nomads and were called nyn by the people of the Central Plains. They multiplied and grew stronger, forming the later Xiongnu people. They envied the Central Plains 'wealth and wanted to return to the Central Plains. They often harassed the Central Plains and were resisted. Duke Mu of Qin recited the poem "June", which meant that both of them were heroes. They should follow the example of the great achievements of their predecessors in assisting the emperor and do great things.
At that time, the Jin Kingdom had been in internal strife for many years, and the Qin Kingdom had seized the opportunity to invade a lot of land in the east, forming a state of crisscrossing with the Jin Kingdom's land. It was easy for the Qin Kingdom to help Chong 'er return to the Jin Kingdom and seize power.
In 637 B.C., Prince Yu of Jin left without saying goodbye to Duke Mu of Qin because his father, Duke Hui of Jin, was critically ill and he was in a hurry to return to the State of Jin to inherit the throne. In September, Duke Hui of Jin died and Prince Yu ascended the throne. This was Duke Huai of Jin.
After Duke Huai of Jin ascended the throne, he was afraid that Chong 'er would return to the country to seize power, so he wanted to cut off Chong' er's wings and ordered those who followed Chong 'er to leave Chong' er and return to the country. Otherwise, his entire family would be killed. In December, some of Chong 'er's men returned to the State of Jin and became Chong' er's spies along with Luan Zhi and Xi Gu.
In the spring of 636 B.C., Duke Mu of Qin sent 3,000 elite troops to escort Chong 'er back to the State of Jin. As soon as he entered the State of Jin, Chong Er was welcomed by many people. The two trusted men of Duke Huai of Jin, Province Lu and Xi Rui, were in charge of military power. They were forced by the situation to lead the troops of the State of Jin to welcome Chong Er. They were not afraid of Chong Er, but they were afraid of supporting the State of Qin. Chong 'er sent Zifan to represent Chong' er in forming an alliance with the army, indicating that he had taken over the army. Duke Huai of Jin had yet to sit on the throne when he saw that something bad was going to happen. He ran all the way north to the kaoliang fields. Soon after, he was chased by the Chong 'er Sect and died at the age of 22.
Chong 'er worshiped the ancestral temple and became the king. He was called Duke Wen of Jin.
Bo Bo knew about their conspiracy and came to report to Duke Wen of Jin. However, Duke Wen of Jin remembered that Bo Cui had been ordered to lead the army to kill him twice. Once, Bo Cui had cut off his sleeves. If he had run a little slower, he would not have died. He refused to see him. "I was just following orders," said Boya. In the past, Duke Huan of Qi did not hate Guan Zhong for shooting at him.”When Duke Wen of Jin heard this, he received Bo Xi. Bo Xi exposed the plot of Lu Sheng and Xi Rui. Lu Sheng and Xi Rui escaped and were captured and killed by Duke Mu of Qin.
After Duke Wen of Jin ascended the throne, he rewarded those who had followed him for 19 years, but he could not find Jie Zitui, who had cut off his thigh and cooked meat soup for him. Later, he learned that Jie Zitui had hidden himself in Mount Mian with his mother on his back. Duke Wen of Jin went to Mianshan to look for him, but he hid and refused to see him. A person who wanted to frame Jie Zitui gave Duke Wen of Jin an idea."Jie Zitui will escape from the fire if we set the mountain on fire.”Therefore, Duke Wen of Jin ordered three sides of the mountain to be burned, leaving one side for Jie Zitui to escape. Jie Zitui didn't come out in the end. He went into the mountain after the fire and found Jie Zitui and his mother burned to death under a willow tree. Duke Wen of Jin was very sad. He named this willow tree the Qingming Willow and set this day as the Cold Food Festival, also known as the Qingming Festival.
After 19 years of escaping, Duke Wen of Jin had gained both knowledge and ability. He knew that talents could prosper the country, and mediocrity could ruin the country. He chose a large number of talents. He also knew that in this era where the strong preyed on the weak, the army was not only a backer for survival, but also a sharp weapon for expanding territory. He constantly reformed the military and strengthened the construction of the army. At first, the two armies of the State of Jin were expanded into three armies, with Xi Gu commanding the central army, Hu Yan commanding the upper army, and Luan Zhi commanding the lower army. Because of the harassment of nomadic people in Jin, three lines were established. In 629 B.C., Duke Wen of Jin abolished the three armies and added two new armies, namely the new upper army and the new lower army. Together with the original three armies, the Jin army had five armies.
In 636 B.C., Wang Zidai, the half-brother of King Xiang of Zhou, raised an army and defeated the army of King Xiang of Zhou. King Xiang of Zhou fled to the Si Land of the State of Zheng (beside the Si River in Henan Province) and asked the vassals for help.
"Here's your chance," Zhao Shuai said. The king used the banner of the emperor to conquer the world, and it was very easy for him to achieve hegemony.”Therefore, Duke Wen of Jin led his army to escort King Xiang of Zhou back to Luoyi in March and killed Wang Zidai in April. King Xiang of Zhou was very moved and gave Hanoi and Yangfan to the State of Jin.
In 633 B.C., King Cheng of Chu allied with the vassals to attack the State of Song, wanting to divide the State of Song. Song asked Jin for help. Xianzhen said,"Your Majesty was respected and received generously by Duke Xiang of Song. Now was the time to repay his benefactor.”Hu Yan said," Chu State, Cao State and Wei State are allies. If we attack Cao State and Wei State, Chu State will definitely come to our rescue. Then, Song State will be free."”Duke Wen of Jin sent three armies to attack Cao and Wei. In December, the Jin army captured the area east of Taihang Mountain, and Duke Wen of Jin granted the original city to Zhao Shuai.
In the spring of 632 B.C., Duke Wen of Jin led 800 chariots to crusade against Cao. In the first month, the Jin army captured Wulu. In February, Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Xiao of Qi formed an alliance in Lianyu, and the army attacked Wei. The people of Wei were afraid and drove Duke Cheng of Wei away to curry favor with Jin. The Jin army won Wei without fighting. In March, the Jin army invaded Cao's capital (now Dingtao, Shandong). Duke Wen of Jin ordered the army not to enter the home of Xi Fuji's clan to repay his kindness. Because when Duke Wen of Jin fled to Cao, Cao Gonggong wanted to see Duke Wen of Jin's threat, Xi Fuji and his wife had a discerning eye to receive Duke Wen of Jin privately.
The Jin army attacked Cao and Wei, intending to lure the Chu army north and lift the siege of Song. However, the safety of Cao and Wei did not concern the Chu Country. The Chu army was unmoved and continued to attack the Song Country. Song once again sent an emergency message to the Jin army.
Duke Wen of Jin wanted to rescue Song, but he was unwilling to fight Chu. Because Duke Wen of Jin had fled to the State of Chu back then, King Cheng of Chu had treated him with the courtesy of a vassal. Xianzhen advised,"Give the land of Cao and Wei to Song. Chu will definitely give up attacking Song."”So Wen Gong listened to Xianzhen's opinion. He also created a conflict between Qin, Qi, and Chu. Qi and Qin strengthened their alliance with Jin and pointed their troops at Chu. King Cheng of Chu knew the intention of Duke Wen of Jin. The State of Song could not be conquered. He said to General Ziyu, who was in charge of the battle,""Jin Hou has been on the run for 19 years, experiencing all kinds of difficulties and dangers. He has developed superhuman abilities and is able to treat the people correctly. He has won the hearts of the people.”He led the army and left the Song Country.
In the summer of 632 B.C., the Chu general Ziyu led his army north to attack the Jin army and forced his way into Taoqiu. Duke Wen of Jin lured the enemy deep in order to fight the Chu army on the predetermined battlefield. The officer of the State of Chu asked,"Why did you retreat?"”Hu Yan said,"Our king said that we should retreat when we meet the Chu army to repay the courtesy King Cheng of Chu gave us."”
Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Cheng of Song, Guifu of Qi, Cui Yao, and the son of Qin led their troops to Chengpu (now south of Fan County, Shandong Province). Ziyu led the Chu army, Zheng, Chen, and Cai armies to set up camp in Xi Ling.
When the two armies started fighting, Xu Chen led the troops of the State of Jin and covered their horses with tiger skin. They attacked the allied forces of the State of Chu, the State of Chen and the State of Cai. The horses of the State of Chen and the State of Cai were scared out of their wits. The soldiers fled in all directions and were defeated. Hu Mao led the Jin army to raise two flags and pretend to retreat. Luan Zhi led the Jin army to let the chariots drag the branches and pretend to escape. The Chu army was deceived and chased. Yuan Zhen and Xi Qin led the Jin army to charge at the Chu army. Hu Mao and Hu Yan commanded the army to attack Zi Xi from both sides. The left army of Chu was defeated.
The Chu army failed, and Ziyu fled back to the country to commit suicide. Duke Wen of Zheng, an ally of the State of Chu, sought peace with the State of Jin. Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Wen of Zheng signed an alliance in Hengyong. The Jin army stayed in the Chu army camp for three days, eating the captured rations. After resting for three days, they returned with victory. The Jin army arrived at Hengyong and built a palace for King Xiang of Zhou in Jiantu.
In May 632 B.C., Duke Wen of Jin presented the prisoners of Chu to King Xiang of Zhou. Duke Wen of Zheng presided over the ceremony for King Xiang of Zhou. King Xiang of Zhou entertained Duke Wen of Jin with sweet wine, appointed Duke Wen of Jin as the leader of the vassals, and rewarded him with a large chariot, a red bow, a hundred red arrows, ten black bows, a thousand black arrows, a cup of fragrant wine, Gui Zan and three hundred warriors. The marquis thanked him many times before finally bowing and accepting it. Therefore, Duke Wen of Jin dominated the world. In June, Duke Wen of Jin restored the status of Marquis of Wei. When the vassals surrounded Xu, Duke Wen of Jin restored the status of Cao Bo.
In the winter of 632 B.C., Duke Wen of Jin summoned all the vassals under the orders of the Emperor of Zhou and formed an alliance with Duke Zhao of Qi, Duke Cheng of Song, Duke Xi of Lu, Marquis Zhuang of Cai, Duke Wen of Zheng, Shuwu of Wei, and Ju Zi in Jiantu (now Yuanyang, Henan Province).
In the summer of 631 B.C., Duke Wen of Jin, Wang Zihu, Gongsun Gu of the Song Dynasty, Guifu of the State of Qi, Taotu of Chen Yuan, and Xiao Ziyu of the State of Qin met in the spring (now Mengjin of Henan Province) to consolidate the alliance of Jiantu and plan to attack the State of Zheng.
In 630 B.C., Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Mu of Qin led their troops to surround the State of Zheng. The Jin army was stationed in Hanling, while the Qin army was stationed in the south of Fanshui. Duke Wen of Jin wanted to get his benefactor, Shu Zhan, who was exiled to the State of Zheng. Shu Zhan committed suicide after hearing about it. The people of Zheng brought the body of Shu Zhan to see Duke Wen of Jin and asked Duke Wen of Jin to retreat, but Duke Wen of Jin did not agree.
Yi Zhihu said to Zheng Wengong,"If Zhu Zhiwu goes to see Qin Bo, the Qin army will definitely retreat."”Zheng Wen Gong agreed.
Zhu Zhiwu declined,"When I was young, I was not as good as others. Now that he was old, he couldn't do anything.”
Zheng Wengong said,"I didn't put you in an important position earlier. Now I beg you because of the critical situation. This is my fault." However, if the State of Zheng is destroyed, it will also be detrimental to you!”
Zhu Zhiwu agreed.
At night, they used a rope to lower Zhu Zhiwu down from the city. When they saw Duke Mu of Qin, Zhu Zhiwu said,""Qin and Jin are besieging the State of Zheng. The State of Zheng already knows that it is going to be destroyed. What if destroying the State of Zheng is beneficial to you? Why did you destroy the State of Zheng and increase the land of the neighboring State of Jin? If the neighboring country's power is strong, your Qin country's power will also be relatively weak. If you give up besieging the State of Zheng and treat it as a host to receive passersby on the eastern road, the State of Zheng can provide them with what they lack at any time. It won't do you any harm. Moreover, you once gave Duke Hui of Jin a favor. Duke Hui once promised to give you Jiao and Xia cities. However, Duke Hui crossed the Yellow River in the morning and returned home. At night, he built fortifications. You know this. The State of Jin had already made the State of Zheng its border in the east and wanted to expand its border to the west. Weakening Qin is beneficial to Jin. I hope you will consider this matter!”
After hearing this, Duke Mu of Qin signed an alliance agreement with the State of Zheng and sent Qi Zi, Feng Sun, and Yang Sun to guard the State of Zheng. Then, the State of Qin withdrew its troops.
The Jin doctor Zi Fan requested to send troops to attack the Qin army. Duke Wen of Jin said,"No! If it wasn't for Duke Mu of Qin's power, I wouldn't have reached this stage. Relying on the strength of others and hurting him in turn is not benevolent. It was unwise to lose one's ally; Using a messy situation to replace a neat situation was not in line with martial arts ethics. Let's go back!" The Jin army also withdrew from the State of Zheng.
Although the State of Jin did not destroy the State of Zheng, Duke Wen of Zheng no longer dared to be rude to the State of Jin. In 628 B.C., Duke Wen of Zheng passed away and Childe Lan ascended the throne as Duke Mu of Zheng. Duke Mu of Zheng had always been an important follower of Jin.
Duke Wen of Jin reigned for nine years and died in December 628 B.C. The tomb of Duke Wen of Jin was located in Anyu Town at the junction of Quwo and Jiang County in Shanxi Province. In just nine years, Duke Wen of Jin had turned the once chaotic State of Jin into a hegemon. It was a miracle.
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