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The theme of the story was ancient and modern, and the protagonist was very cool. He was not sure if everyone liked this type of story. I hope that everyone can support me so that I can see everyone's existence and have the motivation to update. I also know that there are people who like this theme.
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Let's introduce the main character in case some readers don't know Guo Jia, a historical figure.
The introduction was as follows:
No one knew when it started, but whenever one talked about the strategists of the Three Kingdoms, many people would say that the most powerful one was Guo Jia!
It was as if saying this was the only way to prove that he was very cool.
I've always been puzzled by this.
What kind of person was Guo Jia?
Was he really that powerful?
What needed special explanation was:
As the official history, the Records of the Three Kingdoms omitted many of Guo Jia's deeds when it was written. Therefore, when Pei Songzhi of the Song Dynasty made an annotation for the Records of the Three Kingdoms, he quoted a large number of descriptions of Guo Jia in Fu Zi by Fu Xuan, a famous scholar of the Jin Dynasty. Many of Guo Jia's deeds that were known to later generations, such as the famous "ten wins and ten defeats", came from Fu Zi, but it was not seen in official history. Personally, I think that most of the descriptions of Guo Jia in Fu Zi have high reference value, so I directly quote them in this article. As for the differences between the descriptions of Guo Jia in the Records of the Three Kingdoms and Fu Zi, the Records of the Three Kingdoms was the main one, so this article will not deliberately point it out.
This article will use Guo Jia, a typical representative, to explore a special group in the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period-the counselor.
Let's see what kind of person Guo Jia is.
Guo Jia was a very cool person!
He died young at the age of 38, and in his short 38 years of life, he lived in seclusion for 20 years!
It was not difficult to see that Guo Jia was a veritable otaku, so he was not known at that time. Only those who really knew him knew that he was a one-in-a-million talent.
He was different from the losers who played LOL at home in modern times. Guo Jia, the otaku, had a premonition that the world was about to fall into chaos, so he hid at home and did not idle. He has made many good friends in private, and I guess Xun Yu is one of them.
Other than his own small circle, Guo Jia no longer had any contact with the secular world.
However, Guo Jia was not a bird in a cage. He was tired of staying at home and wanted to go out and find something to do.
Therefore, Guo Jia went for an interview. The big boss of the company he interviewed was Yuan Shao, the richest second-generation heir in the world at that time.
Guo Jia was very dissatisfied with the interview results. He thought that Yuan Shao was just in name.
Thus, he chose to return home and live in seclusion! She had such a personality!
At this time, an important strategist that Cao Cao valued had passed away. He could not be alone in his grief, so he asked Xun Yu to recommend a talent to him.
The person Xun Yu recommended to Cao Cao was his good friend Guo Jia.
Hence, Guo Jia went to attend Cao Cao's interview.
At this time, Cao Cao had just acquired the largest state-owned enterprise at that time and became the CEO of this large state-owned enterprise. As his power gradually expanded, there were a lot of messy things waiting for Cao Cao to deal with, so Cao Cao was eager to find someone to help him. The 27-year-old Guo Jia was recruited to the Situ Manor at this time because of Xun Yu's recommendation. The Situ Manor was just a small department in Cao Cao's big state-owned enterprises!
Not long after, Guo Jia officially received Cao Cao's interview notice.
As the interviewer, Cao Cao asked Guo Jia this question: "I've long disliked that Yuan Shao kid, but I can't beat him now. Do you have any good suggestions?”
According to the records in Fu Zi, Guo Jia had proposed the famous "ten wins and ten losses" theory.
He believed that there would be a battle between Cao and Yuan, and Cao Cao would win this battle while Yuan Shao would lose! He made a comprehensive comparison of Yuan Shao and Cao Cao's performance in different aspects and explained to Cao Cao the reasons why he believed Yuan Shao would lose. He also made plans for Cao Cao, thinking that Cao Cao should take advantage of Yuan Shao's lack of time to completely defeat Lu Bu to eliminate the worries in the future.
Cao Cao agreed with Guo Jia's point of view and commented happily,""The person who can help me complete the great cause of the world must be this person!!!”
Guo Jia was also very satisfied with the interview. After he walked out of Cao Cao's office, he couldn't help but say,"This is the boss I'm looking for!!!”
At this point, the otaku Guo Jia officially debuted and became Cao Cao's most important strategist.
Then what official position did Guo Jia hold under Cao Cao? What exactly were they responsible for?
Cao Cao made Guo Jia the military advisor.
Military Advisor Chancellor seemed to be an official position specially set up by Cao Cao for Guo Jia. Rather than calling it an official position, it was more like a title because this official position did not have any actual authority.
This title meant that he was Cao Cao's chief military advisor.
As the chief military advisor, Guo Jia had followed Cao Cao for eleven years and used facts to prove that the title of Military Advisor Chancellor was not for nothing!
Cao Cao followed Guo Jia's advice and successfully annihilated Lu Bu, defeated Yuan Shao, and completely wiped out the Yuan Family's forces in the north.
When attacking Lu Bu, the long tug-of-war made Cao Cao want to retreat. Guo Jia strongly recommended that Cao Cao should not retreat, and finally destroyed Lu Bu.
In the early days of the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao wanted to personally attack Liu Bei. Guo Jia supported Cao Cao and asserted that Yuan Shao would not take the opportunity to attack. Cao Cao finally defeated Liu Bei and relieved his worries, laying the foundation for the victory of the Battle of Guandu.
During the battle of Guandu, Guo Jia successfully predicted that Sun Ce would not attack Xudu and that Sun Ce would eventually die at the hands of assassins. The prophecy came true not long after.
After Yuan Shao's death, Cao Cao intended to attack the Yuan brothers. Guo Jia suggested to watch from the sidelines. Soon the Yuan brothers fought with each other without attacking and rebelled.
After occupying Hebei, Cao Cao reasonably used the talents of Hebei at that time, making Yuan Shao's old ministers gradually submit. This was mostly due to Guo Jia's credit.
Cao Cao was about to go on an expedition to Wuwan, afraid that Liu Bei would take the opportunity to attack. Guo Jia helped Cao Cao analyze the situation at that time so that Cao Cao could go to war without worry.
On the way to conquer Wuwan, Guo Jia offered a surprise attack on Lulong Sai and defeated the barbarians. Not only did he weaken the Yuan family's power, but he also made the northern minorities submit to him.
It could be said that because of Guo Jia's help, Cao Cao had unified and stabilized the entire north, avoiding many detours.
Cao Cao therefore cherished Guo Jia very much.
Cao Cao's love for Guo Jia had reached the level of doting!
The otaku Guo Jia might have lived in the house for a long time and was somewhat ignorant of the world, so he did many rude things under Cao Cao. At that time, Chen Qun, the Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Committee, criticized Guo Jia in public several times, but Guo Jia did not care about these accusations. As the CEO of a large state-owned enterprise, Cao Cao knew that Chen Qun was impartial, so he praised Chen Qun greatly. However, he continued to let Guo Jia do whatever he wanted!
Why did Cao Cao spoil Guo Jia so much?
Because Cao Cao had his own plans.
Cao Cao once revealed his true thoughts to Xun You and the others. He said to Xun You,""We're all of the same age. Who will I entrust so many things to after I die? Guo Jia is the youngest among you, so he's the most suitable candidate! Unfortunately, he died too early! This is fate!"
It was obvious that Cao Cao wanted to nurture Guo Jia into someone who would be entrusted to him after a hundred years!
Unfortunately, Guo Jia died young!
Because Guo Jia had been indulgent all year round, his body had always been very weak. In addition, he had been unable to adapt to the environment when he followed Cao Cao to the north, causing his body to be completely emptied. Although he had retreated from the front line to the rear in time, he still could not hold on and eventually fell ill.
After Guo Jia's death, Cao Cao expressed his grief to the people around him more than once. Finally, he issued a controversial lament:
Alas for my filial piety! How painful it is to be filial! What a pity!
This lament recorded in Fu Zi is not found in official history.
In the official history, Cao Cao only sighed after his defeat at Red Cliff:
If Feng Xiao was still alive, I wouldn't have come to this!
It was Cao Cao's Three Sighs, which was not recorded in the official history, that caused widespread discussion in later generations. Some people believed that Cao Cao's three sighs were meant to humiliate the ministers present at the time, to humiliate them for being inferior to Guo Jia, causing him to suffer a crushing defeat.
Was that really the case? Did Cao Cao really need to use Guo Jia to humiliate his ministers?
The answer was, of course not!
Cao Cao was expressing his grief from the bottom of his heart. There was no need for us to take this to heart.
I believe that Guo Jia made an indelible contribution to Cao Cao's unification of the north, but there is no need to exaggerate Guo Jia!
Guo Jia had only achieved outstanding results in his own job, and all of this was what he should do as the military counselor.
Many people would compare Xun Yu and Guo Jia, trying to prove who was the most powerful strategist under Cao Cao.
However, it was a mistake to compare Guo Jia and Xun Yu, because there was no comparison between the two of them!
In fact, when discussing Guo Jia, many people often confused two concepts: Officials and strategists.
What is a subject? What was a counselor?
The difference between a minister and a counselor was:
Officials had their own independent responsibilities and enjoyed a certain amount of power. They were usually responsible for the entire force they were in. He would only act as a strategist when necessary, giving advice to his lord.
Counselors generally did not have much power. Their duty was to plan and plan. They were usually only responsible to their own lord, so it was useless for them to have power. They could decide whether they wanted to become subjects or not according to their own abilities and wishes. If they didn't want to, the lord couldn't do anything to them.
Xun Yu was a minister of the Han Dynasty. He was not anyone's advisor.
Guo Jia was Cao Cao's strategist, he was not a subject of any faction!
Xun Yu and Cao Cao were essentially colleagues. One of them was the Han Dynasty's Shangshu Ling, and the other was the Han Dynasty's prime minister. If there was anything in common between Xun Yu and Guo Jia, it would be that they were both Cao Cao's subordinates, and Cao Cao was their common superior.
Guo Jia and Cao Cao were essentially in an employment relationship. Cao Cao hired Guo Jia to help him plan and plan. Guo Jia was Cao Cao's private military advisor. As long as the employment relationship was in effect, Guo Jia would only listen to Cao Cao. No one else had the right to control him.
This was why Guo Jia was indifferent when Chen Qun criticized her. Even though Chen Qun had the power to supervise Cao Cao, he couldn't control Guo Jia because Guo Jia was Cao Cao's personal advisor. If Chen Qun really wanted to picket to the end, then he should be blaming Cao Cao! At that time, Guo Jia's monologue was probably,"I'll do whatever I want. I'll do whatever you want!"？
From Cao Cao's thoughts, we can see that he hoped that one day Guo Jia would no longer be his personal advisor. He wanted to train Guo Jia to become a nominal official of the Great Han Dynasty. It would be best if he could become an official who could turn the tide in troubled times like himself!
Cao Cao hoped that after a hundred years, Cao Wei's power would be supported by Guo Jia.
Unfortunately, Guo Jia didn't wait for that day to come. He suddenly resigned!
Cao Cao cherished Guo Jia's talent, and they regarded each other as confidants.
However, this did not mean that Cao Cao could not do anything without Guo Jia.
Cao Cao had many strategists, and Guo Jia was only the most important and favored one. Even without Guo Jia, Cao Cao was destined to unify the north, because this was a historical necessity. Due to Guo Jia's presence, the entire process was much simpler.
During the Three Kingdoms period, there were too many strategists, and Guo Jia was undoubtedly one of them. His short life had shone with the light of an entire era. Even today, we still admire his legendary life and regret his early death.
So, what kind of people were strategists? What role did they play in the chaotic Three Kingdoms period?
As for strategists, they had to start from the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period.
At that time, with the collapse of etiquette and music, the Zhou Dynasty's rule finally collapsed. Everyone in the world was confused because such a thing had never happened before. No one knew what to do, and they were all fumbling forward.
Thus, a scene of a hundred schools of thought contending appeared. All kinds of theories rose one after another, trying to explain why the world fell apart, so that there was a chance to put this broken world back together. However, chaos had already appeared, and war was inevitable.
While the dukes were fighting against each other, in order to give themselves an advantage, they recruited a large number of talents to support the situation. Later on, it developed to the point that they would not hesitate to drag a random person from the streets to make up the numbers. This formed the trend of "nurturing scholars". At that time, the famous "Four Young Masters of the Warring States Period" were famous for raising scholars.
During this period, the dukes recruited a large number of talents, and a portion of them were specially responsible for making plans. These people were the earliest strategists.
The representative figures were Guan Zhong and Fan Li during the Spring and Autumn Period, Su Qin and Zhang Yi during the Warring States Period.
As the first truly chaotic period in the long river of history of China, the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period provided " precious " experience for future generations. Therefore, when Chu and Han fought, Liu Bang had Zhang Liang and Xiang Yu had Fan Zeng.
Then, what kind of person could become a strategist?
As a strategist,'strategy' determined his nature, and 'scholar' determined his background.
In other words, strategists usually came from the " scholar class."
Then, who were the scholars?
It was important to note that this was a discussion of scholars, not gentry. These were two completely different concepts! If I have the chance, I will discuss the gentry clan in detail.
Simply put, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the term " scholars " referred to a group of cultured people in ancient times.
There was a popular saying in modern times: " It's terrible to be uncultured!”
In ancient times, it became: " It's scary to be cultured!”
In ancient times, especially during the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was extremely difficult for a person to be cultured!
At that time, knowledge and culture were usually monopolized by the gentry, forming a vicious circle. That family was the one who was cultured, and that family was destined to become high-ranking officials and nobles for generations! The social contradictions caused by this situation became particularly prominent in the late Han and Three Kingdoms period.
In order to alleviate this contradiction, the 'Nine-Grade System' was finally born in Cao Pi's era.
Because of the vicious circle of the gentry, the gentry class, which had jumped out of the gentry class and existed independently, became a very special group of people in society.
In ancient times, the grassroots of society were divided into: Scholars, farmers, workers, merchants.
The scholars were a group of people second only to the ruling class and the noble class. It was because they were cultured!
Unlike the generations of officials and nobles in the gentry clan, when scholars existed as independent individuals, they usually had many choices.
In ancient times, what did a cultured person usually do?
The first path was to become an official.
This was easy to understand. In the thousands of years of ancient China's history, 80 - 90% of the cultured people started their studies with the goal of becoming an official!
After these people succeeded, they had to add a single person in front of the word "Shi", and they became "Shi Ren".
The second path was to become famous.
This realm was a little high.
In peaceful times, a small number of scholars were very cultured, but they did not have the opportunity to be officials, or they disdained to be officials after reaching a certain level.
If he wasn't an official, then what was he supposed to do? He couldn't possibly waste his knowledge, right?
They chose to write books to spread their ideas.
The perfect ending of doing this was to let his students and old officials spread all over the world and become famous.
These people were celebrities.
A successful celebrity could be admired by tens of thousands of people. Even in troubled times, even if this person was hated by others, no one dared to do anything to him because he was too famous!
The most representative celebrity of the Three Kingdoms period was Xu Shao. It was the person who created the "Moon Review" with his brother. In unofficial history, he was the one who gave Cao Cao the evaluation of " a capable minister in governing the world, a treacherous hero in troubled times."
The third option was to hide!
This realm was very difficult to understand.
This group of scholars was very cultured. Why did he use quote marks? Because being 'very cultured' was a necessary condition. They would also write books, but after they finished writing, they would put them on the shelf. They disdained to interact with the secular world, and of course, they disdained to be officials. They locked themselves up and only interacted with a small number of people they wanted to associate with. They drank, sang, played the piano, and whistled all day long. His acting standards were simply high to the heavens!
These people were hermits.
There are three ways for a hermit: either he dies of old age and does not see the classics; Either the deeper he hid, the more famous his reputation would be, or he would choose to come out and be an official in the end.
The most famous recluse during the Three Kingdoms period was Zhuge Liang. In the end, he became the Prime Minister of Shu Han after being hung by Liu Bei.
The fourth option was to come! Indulgence!
Normal people would not be able to understand this realm!
They belonged to the fourth path that the hermits had deviated from: Fanatic.
Their daily state was: disheveled, moody, unruly, unrestrained
The more bizarre their behavior was, the more famous they became. The more famous they became, the less people dared to do anything to them. Then, the more bizarre they became, the endless cycle.
The most typical representative in history was Ruan Ji, who was completely in a state of lunacy!
If you have to find a representative during the Three Kingdoms period, I think Yang Xiu should be considered a fanatic, because he is arrogant enough.
The fifth option was to use his brain.
This group of people is the focus of our discussion: Advisor.
They were usually active in troubled times, relying on their own culture and talents to survive in troubled times.
Guo Jia was the most typical strategist during the Three Kingdoms period.
In a chaotic world, strategists usually had these few choices.
The first choice was to work hard to survive!
In the chaos of war, what could a weak scholar do? He could only keep thinking and survive at all costs!
Surviving was the main goal of the strategists. If he wanted to live well, he had to choose a good leader.
Therefore, in order to survive, a strategist would often jump ship repeatedly.
Just like Guo Jia at the beginning, he knew that he could not be a hermit in the chaotic world. In order to survive, he chose to go to Yuan Shao for an interview. Reality proved that Yuan Shao could not let himself live happily, so he turned around and left. Until he decided that Cao Cao was the boss he was looking for.
The second option was to remain faithful until death.
After they had decided on their boss, these strategists would not change their minds until death! He would sacrifice his life for one person.
The representative was Guo Jia. He believed that Cao Cao was his boss and had sacrificed his life for Cao Cao's hegemony!
Other than Guo Jia, there was another typical representative at that time, Ju Shou.
As one of Yuan Shao's most important strategists, Ju Shou was unwilling to betray Yuan Shao until his death. Guandu was defeated, and Yuan's army fled across the Yellow River in fear. When he crossed the river, he was captured by Cao Cao's army. Cao Cao treated him like a distinguished guest, but he could not win his heart. During an attempt to escape, Cao Cao had no choice but to execute Ju Shou.
The third option was a lifetime achievement award.
Counselors usually enjoyed their status. There weren't many restrictions, and he didn't need to do many things. Not only was he treated with courtesy, but he also had to listen to his every word. Who wouldn't like such a life? Therefore, they usually chose to be respected old advisors for the rest of their lives.
The representative was Zhang Zhao.
As a famous scholar in Jiangdong and Sun Ce's guardian, Zhang Zhao had been an old strategist of the Sun family for his entire life. Even though Sun Quan had never heard of his scheme, it didn't affect his position in the Sun Family. All of them had jobs that were far more prestigious than their authority, and they enjoyed the " Lifetime Achievement Award."
The fourth option was to enter the prime minister's position.
If a strategist truly possessed the relevant abilities, they would choose to be promoted to a subject if necessary.
The representative was Zhuge Liang.
Initially, Zhuge Liang followed Liu Bei as a strategist. However, Liu Bei, the poor boss, had limited talents. Zhuge Liang had to take on many responsibilities other than being a strategist. Basically, he was split into several people. In the end, he became the Prime Minister of Shu Han.
The fifth option was to become the successor's advisor.
His lord would die sooner or later. If his lord died, what would he do?
It didn't matter, there was still an heir!
For this type of strategist, choosing the right successor was very important. This was undoubtedly a gamble!
The representative was Sima Yi.
Sima Yi was undoubtedly the biggest winner in the bet of Cao Cao's successor! As Cao Pi's advisor, Sima Yi was conferred the title of Minister of State after Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, placing him directly at the center of Cao Wei's regime.
The sixth option was the subversive!
This choice was a little darker.
Instead of giving advice to others, it was better to plan for his own future!
Rather than taking orders from others, it was better to turn over and be his own master!
The representative was Sima Yi.
I don't think I need to explain too much. Everyone understands!
After the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period and the Chu and Han disputes, the status of the strategists became extremely important during the Three Kingdoms period.
This could be seen from Guo Jia's legendary life.
It was because of Guo Jia's hard work that Cao Cao's pace of unifying the north changed from a standstill to a trot.
Guo Jia's example showed that an outstanding strategist was absolutely capable of pushing the entire history forward!
Other than Guo Jia, there was also a very representative strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. His legendary life was enough to make another " Military Advisor Alliance "! I'll keep you in suspense here. I'll talk about this person in a later article!
It was precisely because of the importance of strategists that the lords of the Three Kingdoms respected strategists far more than in other historical periods.
The ancients paid attention to " proper and justified ". You couldn't just randomly find someone to tell you what to do, so the lords had to give their own strategists an official position.
Due to the special nature of a counselor, this official position was usually a virtual title and did not have any actual authority. The most common official position was the "Military Advisor".
Sometimes, a military counselor could no longer satisfy the lord's love for a particular counselor, so he needed to create a new official position.
In order to make their personal consultant legitimate, the big shots of the Three Kingdoms period had spent a lot of effort.
For example, Guo Jia's Military Advisor Chancellor was Cao Cao's original creation.
For example, Zhuge Liang had once served as a military advisor. This 'military advisor general' was Liu Bei's original creation. It meant that in Liu Bei's eyes, he could no longer tell whether Zhuge Liang was his military advisor or his general. Forget it, he might as well call him "Military Advisor General"!
On Sun Quan's side, he was formidable! Sun Quan would often give all his authority to his favorite strategist. The most representative was Lu Xun. He was originally just a member of Sun Quan's talented advisor team. Lu Xun was given the title of general and marquis because of his special contribution during the Jingzhou war. However, he did not have any substantial power and was essentially still a high-level strategist. During the Battle of Yiling, Sun Quan promoted Lu Xun to the position of Commander-in-Chief! There was no one else who could be so generous and bold!
It could be said that it was precisely because of the addition of the strategist that the cruel chaotic times of the Three Kingdoms at the end of Han Dynasty became extremely exciting!
The strategist played a key role in the development of the plot in the chaotic times of the Three Kingdoms.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of charismatic strategists appeared on the broad historical stage, which made future generations forget.
On that chaotic battlefield, they guided the country, laughed and talked about the world, and turned the history of the Three Kingdoms into the most classic strategy in our hearts!
Guo Jia, as the most representative strategist in the history of the Three Kingdoms, was destined to be remembered by future generations!
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