The most famous person in the Southern Song Dynasty was Yue Fei. When the news of the recruitment of "brave warriors" came, he signed up to join the army. Just before he stepped onto the battlefield, his mother, who was very righteous, had specially tattooed the words " loyal to the country " on his back, instructing him to fight bravely for the interests of the country and the nation for the rest of his life, and never be stingy with his life. Yue Fei was honest and upright all his life, never caring about personal gains and losses, so Yue Fei should be an outstanding hero with excellent qualities. Yue Fei was honest and upright all his life, never caring about personal gains and losses. Someone asked him,"When will the world be at peace?"”，Yue Fei said,"Civil officials do not love money, and military officials are not afraid of death. Then the world will be at peace!"”。He persisted in resisting the Jin Dynasty all his life. He had fought more than a hundred battles, big and small, without losing a single battle. He had protected the lives and property of the people of the Southern Song Dynasty, so he was respected by the people of the past generations. The army he led was known as the Yue Clan Army, and people circulated the famous phrase," It's easy to shake a mountain, but it's difficult to shake the Yue Clan Army." This was the highest praise for the Yue Clan Army.
Unfortunately, treacherous officials were in power, and the emperor was fatuous and incompetent. He only wanted to reconcile and pay tribute. Just as Yue Fei was advancing bravely and victory was in sight, Zhao Gou and Prime Minister Qin Hui were afraid that the Yue Family Army would become a threat to the Southern Song Dynasty. Therefore, he did not hesitate to betray the interests of the nation. With the excuse of "a lone army cannot stay long", he issued 12 gold medals in a day and forced Yue Fei to withdraw. Yue Fei was extremely indignant about this and sighed,"Ten years of hard work will be wasted in one day!"”When Yue Fei withdrew his troops, the people of the Central Plains stopped the army and cried. Yue Fei also burst into tears.
After Yue Fei returned to Lin 'an, Zhao Gou and Qin Hui, in order to sue for peace with the Jin soldiers, framed him for instigating his subordinates to rebel and sent Yue Fei to prison on a groundless charge. On December 29, 1141, Yue Fei, his son Yue Yun, and his general Zhang Xian were killed together. Yue Fei was only 39 years old at that time. Before he was executed, he wrote down the words "The sun is shining brightly, the sun is shining brightly", which meant "God has eyes, God has eyes!"”After Yue Fei was killed, the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty signed the shameful Shaoxing Peace Agreement. They paid tribute to the Jin Dynasty and a large area of land fell into the hands of the Jin Dynasty. After Yue Fei was killed, even his old rival, Wanyan Zongbi, was heartbroken. In the end, he burst into tears and sighed to the sky. Yue Fei, ah, Yue Fei, how could you die like this? I haven't defeated you on the battlefield! The general beside him understood and also sighed. That's right, without such a strong opponent like the Yue Family Army, what was the point of conquering the Southern Song Dynasty! Wanyan Jin Dan pounded his chest and stomped his feet. If he didn't defeat Yue Yun on the battlefield, even if he got the title of number one in the world, it would be useless!
Jin Wu ordered the entire army to observe a moment of silence for Yue Fei and set up a banquet to send him off. As a result, the Jin Kingdom actually performed a scene that was even more lively than the Southern Song Dynasty to praise Yue Fei and the Yue Family Army. Most of the Jin army said,"We worship the strong, we respect the strong, and it is our wish to defeat the strong in an upright manner!" Without a world-class army like the Yue Family Army, we would lose our goal and direction in life!
When the news spread to the Southern Song Dynasty, the people of the Song Dynasty praised the high quality of the Jin army and soldiers. Many people even taught the people around them that although the Jin army had invaded them, they had such quality. They had the Yue family army that no one could defeat, and they had the number one expert in the world, Yue Yun. They were proud, but the quality of the Jin army and soldiers was also worthy of respect! The people around them echoed and took it to educate the people around them.
Only Jin Wu Shu, who was hiding in the secret room and drinking to his heart's content, knew how happy he was. Only Wanyan Jin Dan was happily wiping his golden hammer, repeatedly repeating, Yue Yun is gone, I am the number one in the world! The Emperor and officials of the Jin Kingdom celebrated. Without the Yue family army, the land that they had occupied before would forever belong to the Jin Kingdom. The Golden Wu technique was amazing. They could not help but get rid of their opponents and even make the Song people praise the quality of their citizens. It was amazing!
It was undeniable that his patriotic spirit and glorious achievements were deeply engraved in the hearts of the Chinese people for generations. As for the treacherous minister Qin Hui and the other five, they were cast into iron statues with their hands clasped behind their backs. They knelt in front of the hero's tomb and were cursed by the people for thousands of years!
Yue Fei's poem was also passed down:
The river is red, write my thoughts
Author: Yue Fei Dynasty: Song Dynasty
Anger rushed to the crown, leaning on the railing, the rain stopped.
He raised his eyes and let out a long howl towards the sky.
Thirty years of fame and fortune, dust and soil, eight thousand miles of road clouds and months.
Don't be idle, white youth's head, empty sorrow!
The shame of Jingkang has not been avenged.
When will the hatred of courtiers disappear?
He drove a long chariot and broke through the gap of Helan Mountain.
Ambition hungry to eat Hu Krupp meat, laughing and drinking Xiongnu blood.
Wait to start from scratch, clean up the old mountains and rivers, look up to the sky.
Perhaps it was precisely because of the weakness and incompetence of the Song Dynasty that there was the domineering declaration of the later Ming Dynasty: No marriage, no reparations, no ceding of land, no tribute, no surrender, the emperor guarding the country, the king dying for the country's slogan and actions.
The reason why the Song Dynasty was not a unified dynasty was because the Song Dynasty was divided into two periods, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The regime that coexisted with the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127) and the Southern Song Dynasty (1127 - 1279) were: Liao (also known as Khitan) established by the Khitan tribe in the north (907 - 1125), Jin (1115 - 1234) established for the Jurchen tribe after the fall of Liao in 1125 AD, and Mongolia (established in 1206); In the northwest, there was the Western Xia established by the Tanguts (1038 - 1227); Dali in the southwest (937- 1253); There were also the Tibetan tribes that could not be ignored in the west.
Order of Liao Emperor:
1. Liao Taizu: Yelu Abao Ji
Yelu Abao Ji (872-September 6, 926), surnamed Yelu, given name Yi, baby name Siuli Zhi, founding monarch of Liao Dynasty, was born in Yelu Mili, Xiasai Yishilie Township, Diela Tribe of Khitan, the eldest son of Yelu Sala, the ancestor of Liao Dynasty, and his mother was Empress Xiao of Xuanjian. Yelu Abao is brave and good at archery and riding, and is knowledgeable about world affairs. The remaining seven tribes of Khitan were merged. Han Yanhui was appointed to formulate laws, reform customs, create Khitan culture, and develop agriculture and commerce. In the year 916 (the second year of Zhenming of the Later Liang Dynasty), the ministers and the vassal countries were honored as the Great Sage, Great Ming God, Emperor Lietian. The Book of Creation. He reigned for twenty years, that is, eleven years of the throne, the temple name Taizu, buried in the ancestral tomb.
2. Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty: Yelu Deguang
Yelu Deguang (902 - 947), also known as Dejin, nicknamed Yaogu, was a Khitan. He was the second son of Yelu Abao Ji, Emperor Taizu of the Liao Dynasty. His mother was Empress Chunqin Shuluping, the second emperor of the Liao Dynasty. In 926 AD, Taizu died of illness. In response to the help of Empress Tian, he ascended the throne the following year and still took Tianxian as the year title. In 938 AD, Yelu Deguang changed the imperial capital to Shangjing. At the beginning of the reform of the official system, officials are divided into south and north, according to the customs and governance. The officials in the north ruled the Khitans according to the old system of the Khitans, and the officials in the south ruled the Han people according to the system of the Han Dynasty. He also set taxes, rewarded farming and weaving, and developed production. In 947 AD, the Jin army marched south. In August, the Jin army was defeated north of the Great Wall of Yan (now south of Gu'an County, Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). The following year, on the way, he went to Luancheng (now Luancheng, Hebei Province) and died of illness. His temple name was Taizong, and his posthumous title was Emperor Xiaowu Huiwen. He was buried in Huailing.
3. Liao Shizong: Yelü Ruan
Yelü Ruan, Emperor Shizong of Liao Dynasty (917 - 951 AD), born as Wuyu, was the third emperor of Liao Dynasty. He is the son of Liao Yizong (posthumous title, actually not ascended the throne. Yelu Bei abandoned his country and fled to the Later Tang Dynasty in 930 AD. He and his mother did not follow him and stayed in Liao. In 946, he followed Emperor Taizong of Liao to attack Jin and was granted the title of King Yongkang. In the same year, Emperor Taizong of Liao died and was supported by the generals of the southern expedition in Zhenzhou. This was Emperor Shizong of Liao Dynasty. He also defeated Shulv Hou and Yelu Li Hu's army in Shangjing (now Inner Mongolia Balin Left Banner). After the minister Ye Lui Wuzhi's persuasion, the two sides reconciled. Sejong officially ascended the throne and changed the year title to Tianlu. In the fifth year of Tianlu (951), Sejong was killed by Yelü Chage at Fire God Lake during his southern expedition. He was only 34 years old and reigned for five years. He was buried in Xianling of Liao Dynasty. He was named Emperor Xiaohe Zhuangxian and his temple name was Shizong.
4. Liao Mu Zong: Yelu Jing
Yelu Jing (931-969), nicknamed Shulu, was named Yelu Ming in the Later Zhou Dynasty to avoid the taboo of the temple (Later Zhou Xin Zu Guo Jing). He was the eldest son of Yelu Deguang, Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty. His mother was Empress Xiao of Jing 'an. Before he ascended the throne, he was granted the title of King Shou 'an. In September of the fifth year of Tianlu (951), Yelü Ruan, Emperor of the Liao Dynasty, was killed by Yelü Chage and others. At that time, Yelü Jing was in the army and killed Yelü Chage, becoming the emperor and the fourth emperor of the Liao Dynasty. Thus, the throne once again returned to Emperor Taizong of Liao. Yelü Jing was a famous fatuous ruler and tyrant in Chinese history. The 18 years of his reign was the dark period of Liao politics. In February of the 19th year of the Ying calendar (969), he was killed by his attendant.
5. Liao Jingzong: Yelu Xian
Yelu Xian (948 - 982 AD), the second son of Yelu Ruan, the Emperor of Liao Dynasty, the fifth emperor of Liao Dynasty. In 969, Emperor Muzong of Liao was killed by his attendants, and Yelü Xian was elected emperor. He reigned for 14 years and his temple name was Jingzong. After he ascended the throne, he established the system of succession, which was a symbol of the feudalization of Khitan society. He was honored as Emperor Tianzan and changed the year title to Baoning. When he was in office, he returned to Dengwen Drum Court, so that the people had a place to seek justice, and relaxed the criminal law to appease the people. He also put Han officials in an important position and abolished the maladministration system. The Liao Dynasty revived, but the effect was limited. He died in 982 at the age of 35 and was buried in Qianling Tomb in the northern town of Liaoning.
6. Liao Shengzong: Yelu Longxu
Yelü Longxu (January 16, 972-June 25, 1031), the sixth emperor of the Liao Dynasty (983 - 1031), was a Khitan named Manjusri. He is the eldest son of the King. In the twenty-seventh year of Tonghe (1009), he officially took charge of the government. During his reign, he implemented internal reforms and vigorously rectified the administration of officials. He appointed the virtuous and removed the evil. He imitated the Tang system and opened the imperial examination to select scholars. To strengthen the role of the Han people in the ruling group. Let the Khitans reach their peak. To the outside world, they implemented the strategy of uniting with the Dangxiang to resist the Song Dynasty and expand to the neighboring countries. He was proficient in archery, knew music, and liked painting. He composed more than 100 pieces. The Han Dynasty had a high level of culture, and it was said in history that "Taoism and Buddhism both understood their purpose." He died in 1031 and was buried in Qingling.
7. Liaoxing Sect: Yeluzong Zhen
Yelu Zongzhen (3 April 1016 - 28 August 1055) was the eldest son of Yelu Longxu, Emperor of the Liao Dynasty. His mother was Empress Xiao Noujin, the seventh emperor of the Liao Dynasty. He reigned from 1031 to 1055. During Xingzong's reign, he was unable to continue the prosperity of his father, Liao Shengzong, which led to the gradual sharpening of domestic contradictions. He repeatedly used the Western Xia against the outside world and exerted pressure on the Song Dynasty. The war continued, causing the Liao Dynasty to decline day by day. On July 26, 24th year of Chongxi (1055), Liao Xingzong fell seriously ill while he was out on a tour and died soon after. At that time, he was only forty years old, with the temple name Xingzong and the posthumous title of Emperor Xiaozhang, who was buried in Qingling.
8. Liao Daozong: Yelu Hongji
Yelu Hongji (September 14, 1032-February 12, 1101), also known as Nie Lin, was the eldest son of Yelu Zong of Liao Xingzong. His mother was Empress Renyi, Xiao Tali, the eighth emperor of Liao Dynasty. After the succession, he appointed Yelu Chongyuan, the younger brother of Xingzong, as the emperor's uncle, plus the general of the world's military forces. In the ninth year of Qingning (1063), Yelu Renxian and Yelu Yixin were sent to quell the rebellion of Chongyuan. In the second year of Xianyong (1066), the name of the country was changed to Great Liao (Liao was renamed Khitan in 983). After that, Yelu Yixin monopolized power until the seventh year of Dakang (1081), when Yelu Yixin and his followers were deposed. In the first month of the seventh year of Shouchang (1101), Ye Lui Hong died of genetic disease at the age of seventy. He is the son of the Emperor, and the son of the Emperor. In June, he was buried with Empress Xiao Guanyin in Qingling.
9. Emperor Tianzuo: Yelu Yanxi
Yelu Yanxi, Emperor of Liao Tianzuo (June 5, 1075 - 1128), also known as Yanning, nicknamed Aguo, was the grandson of Yelu Hongji, Emperor of Liao Daozong, and the son of Yelu Jun, Emperor of Liao Shunzong. His mother was Empress Xiao, the last emperor of the Liao Dynasty. She reigned for 25 years. During Yelu Yanxi's reign, the Liao Dynasty's politics were corrupt, the people's hearts were lax, and the internal and external contradictions intensified. In the face of crisis, Yelu Yanxi did not think of making progress and did nothing. Instead, he only enjoyed hunting and enjoying himself. The Liao Dynasty's political situation fell into a state of internal and external difficulties. In the fourth year of Tianqing (1114), the Jurchen rebelled against the Liao Dynasty. The Liao army was defeated many times. In the fifth year of Baoda (1125), the Liao Dynasty was destroyed. Yelu Yanxi died of illness after being captured by the Jin soldiers (some said he was killed by the Jin soldiers). He was 54 years old and buried near Xianling (now Yiwulu Mountain, Beizhen County, Liaoning Province).
The Western Xia (1038 - 1227 AD) was a regime established by the Tanguts in western China. In the first year of Zhonghe of the Tang Dynasty (881 AD), Tuoba Sigong occupied Xiazhou (now Hengshan County in northern Shaanxi) and was granted the title of Dingnan Jiedushi and Duke of Xia. In 1038, when Li Yuanhao founded the country, he named the country Xia. Because it was in the west, the Song people called it the Western Xia.
1. Emperor Li Yuanhao (1004-1048) proclaimed himself emperor in 1038 and reigned for 11 years. His father, Li Deming, was the king of Xiping. After Li Yuanhao succeeded to the throne, he proclaimed himself emperor in 1038. The country was called Daxia and the history was called Xixia. He accepted the advanced culture of the Song Dynasty and established a set of political and military systems based on the national characteristics of the Tanguts.
Li Yuanhao fought some battles with Liao and Song, and won, forming a situation where Song, Liao, and Xia stood at the top. In his later years, he wantonly killed and indulged in pleasure. He forcefully took the wife of Crown Prince Ning Lingga as his queen and was stabbed to death by Ning Lingga. He died in 1048 at the age of 45.
2. Emperor Yizong Zhaoying Li Liangzuo (1047-1067) ascended the throne in 1048 and reigned for 20 years. The eldest son of Emperor Jingzong. He was only one year old when he ascended the throne, and his mother was in charge of the government. After the pro-government, the implementation of reforms, so that Xixia further Han. He had been using troops against Song for years, attacking and plundering nearby counties. He successively captured Mu Zheng, the son of the Tubo leader, and the Tubo Department of the Qing Tang Dynasty. Later, he paid attention to the relationship between Liao and Song. He died in 1067 at the age of 21.
3. Emperor Li Bingchang (1060-1086) of Kangjing, Hui Zong, ascended the throne in 1067 and reigned for 20 years. He was the eldest son of Emperor Yizong, who was eight years old when he ascended the throne. He died in 1086 at the age of 26.
4. Chongzong Shengwen Emperor Li Qianshun (1084-1139) ascended the throne in 1086 and reigned for 54 years. He was the eldest son of Emperor Huizong, who was three years old when he ascended the throne. After taking over the government, they adopted the strategy of uniting Liao to resist Song. After Liao was destroyed by Jin, they united Jin to resist Song. He died in 1139 at the age of 56.
5. Emperor Renzong Shengde Li Renxiao (1124-1193) ascended the throne in 1139 and reigned for 55 years. The eldest son of the Emperor Chongzong. Renzong appointed the New Law to establish feudal land ownership. Establishing the imperial examination system, respecting Confucianism, repairing the Confucius Temple and worshipping Confucius as Emperor Wenxuan; The feudal system was established in Xixia. Renzong was the heyday of Xixia. Renzong died in 1193 at the age of 70.
6. Emperor Li Chunyou (1177-1206) ascended the throne in 1193 and reigned for 13 years. The eldest son of Emperor Renzong. It is the national policy to attach to Jin and Song. In 1205, Tiemuzhen began to march into Xixia. In 1206, Huan Zong died suddenly at the age of 30.
7. Emperor Jingmu of Xiangzong, Li Anquan (1169-1211), ascended the throne in 1206 and reigned for six years. Li Chongzong's grandson, Li Renzong's nephew, father Li Renyou. After six years in office, he was deposed by King Li Zunxu and died in the same year at the age of 43.
8. Emperor Li Zunxu (1162-1226)(1211-1223) reigned for 13 years. King of Qi
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