Pamir
Mount Buzhou was the name of the mountain in ancient legends. It was first seen in the Classic of Mountains and Seas, the Western Classic of the Great Wilderness: "Outside the Northwest Sea, in the corner of the Great Wilderness, there is a mountain called Buzhou Fuzi.”Qu Yuan, the great poet of the State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period, wrote in his immortal work, Li Sao,"”The Huainanzi Astronomical Xun, which was written at the same time, gave an even more magical description of Buzhou Mountain: "Once upon a time, Gonggong and Zhuan Suo fought for the throne. In their anger, they touched the mountain of Buzhou. The heavenly pillar was broken and the earth was cut off. The sky tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars moved to the northwest; The land is not in the southeast, so the water and dust return to it.”According to Wang Yi's annotation of Li Sao and Gao Zhou's annotation of Huainanzi Daoyuan Xun, Buzhou Mountain is located in the northwest of Kunlun Mountain. This Buzhou Mountain was Pamir in the northwest of Kunlun Mountain.
Qilian Mountain Tail
In the year 7719 B.C., Mount Buzhou was suddenly hit by a storm. The storm watch of Guantian was destroyed and tilted toward the southeast. Facing this natural disaster, Lilian, the manager of the western border of Qilian Mountain, thought that Gong Gong was responsible for it and should not be the prime minister anymore. Nuwa listened to Li Lianshi's words and decided to let Li Lianshi be the prime minister. Gonggong refused to surrender the right to sacrifice to heaven. He gathered his clansmen to guard the mountain and stick to the Biaomu Tianzhu. The Lilian Clan also attacked the mountain. The two clans fought at Mount Buzhou and destroyed the Heavenly Pillar in the final battle. Goddess Nvywa was furious and chased Gonggong Kang Hui to Qilian. Gonggong left in anger, but the clan did not leave. It was difficult for the Lilian Clan to enter the mountain. The Lilian Clan suggested to move Bangluo, and Fuxi agreed to move Bangluo and rebuild the Heavenly Table. Gonggong died in the Qilian Mountains in 7687 or 7690 B.C., so there was a legend that Gonggong angrily touched Mount Buzhou. Buzhou Mountain was located at the end of Qilian Mountain (west of Liupan Mountain), surrounded by mountains on three sides, and there was a valley mouth in the east, so it was named Buzhou Mountain.
Helan mountains
The Helan Mountain Range was located at the junction of the Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It started from Bayan Aobao in Inner Mongolia in the north, crossed Shizuishan City and Yinchuan City, and reached Qingtong Gorge in the southeast. The mountain was particularly magnificent against the blue sky and the Yellow River. In the northeast of Helan Mountain, there was a Dawukou Gully in the Shitanjing District of Shizuishan City. It was called "Dachou Gully" in ancient times. It was a battleground between the Han people in the Central Plains and the northern ethnic minorities. This was because there were dangerous mountain gorges that could connect the desolate Mobei and the rich inland. This was confirmed by the so-called "Mountain and Sea Classic" that said,"There are mountains but they do not fit, and it is called Buzhou". It was said that when Yu the Great controlled the flood, he split Helan Mountain and diverted the Yellow River to the north. Mount Helan was located at the dividing line between the desert and the desert grassland, and it was also the dividing line between the northwest inland area and the northwest outflowing area. There were many rock paintings in the valley. The age could not be verified. The composition was strange and the image was strange. There were both individual images and composite images. There were human figures, human faces, animals, celestial bodies, plant symbols, and symbols with unknown meanings. Many of the rock paintings matched the rare birds and beasts described in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. Therefore, the description of Mount Buzhou in the Classic of Mountains and Seas should be this place.
Zhubi Mountain
To the west of the Tumochuan Plain in Inner Mongolia, see Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas.
According to the Map of Diyu Mountains and Rivers, Mount Buzhou was located in the east of Mount Zhong and northeast of Kunlun Hill. Its geographical position was that it looked to the north at the mountains beside it and to the east at the dark swamps where the river flowed. There is a good fruit, the fruit is like peach, its leaves are like jujube, yellow flowers and red, eat it is not tired.”The so-called Zhubi Mountain should refer to the Yinshan Mountain Range. The so-called Yue Chongzhi Mountain might refer to Kunlun Hill, or it might refer to the Luliang Mountain, Wutai Mountain, and Heng Mountain in the north of Shanxi Province today. According to this, Mount Buzhou was located in the west of the Dark Swamp, where the Yellow River originated. The author further pointed out that the Dark Swamp was located in the area in front of the Yellow River today, which was the area from Tumode Youqi to Tuoketuo County in Inner Mongolia. Therefore, Mount Buzhou was located to the west of the Yellow River Qiantao area and to the south of Mount Yin.
Mount Hermon
The Classic of Mountains and Seas said,"Outside the northwest sea, in the corner of the Great Wilderness, there are mountains that do not meet. They are called Buzhou and there are water called cold and hot water." To the west of the water is a wet mountain, and to the east of the water is a screen mountain. Yu attacked Gonggong Mountain."
'Outside the Northwest Sea', this was the geographical coordinate of Buzhou Mountain. Where was the Northwest Sea? Looking in the northwest direction, the Baikal Lake where Su Wu was herding sheep was called the North Sea in ancient times. It didn't seem like it. The geographical environment of Qinghai Lake was not consistent with the geographical description below. There didn't seem to be such a sea in the northwest anymore. In fact, the ancients did not necessarily limit themselves to China. In prehistoric times, there were already records of ocean voyages in the Indian Ocean. More archaeological discoveries further confirmed that humans had used the "Ocean Monsoon" to sail in the Indian Ocean as early as prehistoric times. Therefore, it was entirely possible for the ancients to call the Indian Ocean the West Sea or the Northwest Sea.
"If there is a mountain but it doesn't fit, it's called Buzhou.”This was the geographical shape of Buzhou Mountain. In East Africa, outside the Northwest Sea (the Indian Ocean), there were mountains that could not be closed. This was the East African Rift Valley. It extended from the mouth of the Zambian River to the southern end of the Red Sea, running roughly north-south and stretching for more than 4500 kilometers. It carved out a long and narrow valley more than a thousand meters deep on the East African Plateau. The "incompatible" East African Rift Valley was a stretch of mountains. The Jordan Valley was at the northern end of the Great Rift Valley. Mount Hermon at the northern end of the Great Rift Valley was the highest mountain range in Syria. It also had a rift valley that was nearly 68 kilometers long.
From the 16th century to the 8th century B.C., the Hittites ruled Mount Hermon. They were the first people to use iron. They had repeatedly competed with Egypt for the rule of Syria, so the spread of knowledge about Mount Hermon's geographical environment and shape was a very normal thing. Moreover, the Jordan River at the foot of Mount Hermon was a "cold and hot water." Its water volume varied greatly with the seasons. When it was low, the water volume was only 60 cubic meters per second, and when it was high, it could reach 1760 cubic meters per second. The difference between the two was nearly 30 times. The ancient people's wisdom could be seen by calling the change of water volume "cold and heat".
" There are wet mountains in the west of the water, and there are mountains in the east of the water." The west bank of the Jordan River had a typical Mediterranean climate. The annual rainfall was 760-1270 mm, and the climate was warm and humid. It could be called a " wet mountain." The east side of the Jordan River has a typical desert climate. The annual rainfall is less than 130 millimeters. The dry and rainless climate often causes water disputes among the ethnic groups living there, so our ancestors called it the "Desert Mountain."
From this, it could be seen that Mount Hermon's geographical coordinates, geographical shape, and geographical environment were completely the same as Mount Buzhou. Poet Mao Zhuxi would never have thought that the failed hero Gong Gong would actually go to Mount Buzhou, 40,000 miles away, and crash into the sky and break the earth.
other mountain ranges
The western mountain of Changzi County in Shanxi Province was said to be Mount Buzhou, and the story of Jingwei's reclamation of the sea also took place here.
Legend has it that Liupan Mountain in Ningxia and Gansu was the remains of Buzhou Mountain.
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