Second, take over the throne in the face of danger, deal with the Ming Dynasty, and accumulate strength.
On the 11th day of the 8th month of the 11th year of Tianming (the 6th year of Tianqi of the Ming Dynasty, 1626), Nurhachi died of depression due to his defeat in the Battle of Ningyuan. First Concubine Abahai and two Shu Concubines were buried with him. The position of Khan was chosen from the Four Great Baylors. The Great Baylor, Daishanyin, had an ambiguous relationship with the Great Concubine, Nala Abbahai. This kind of behavior of deceiving the monarch and despising his father caused his prestige among the kings to drop greatly. Moreover, his father had already abolished his right of inheritance before his death. Second Belle Amin was not Nurhachi's son and had participated in the defection of his father Shurhaqi, so he was not a suitable candidate. Third Prince Mangguertai's biological mother, the step-concubine Fucha, had died due to the crime of 'stealing gold silks and silks.' Coupled with his rough temperament, he had no one to support him, so he naturally could not be made Khan. Only the Fourth Prince, Huang Taiji, was the strongest. Whether it was his political vision, military ability, or personal prestige, he was above the other Prince, so he was a more suitable candidate for the Houjin Khan. Therefore, on the day of Nurhachi's death, Daishan and his sons Yuetuo and Sahalian supported Huang Taiji as the heir to the throne. They told the ministers the reason why they supported Huang Taiji."Your talent and virtue are the best in the world. You should quickly take over the throne." Because of the support of Daishan, the eldest brother, the Baylor was elected to the throne, while Huang Taiji was elected to the throne after a long time. On September 1, Huang Taiji ascended the throne, burned incense to pray to heaven, and announced that the following year would be the first year of Tiancong.
When Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, the Houjin was facing serious difficulties. The main reasons were that the Ming Dynasty had built the Guanning Jin defense line and united North Korea and Mongolia to block the Houjin, the four Baylor deliberative system restricted the power of the Khan, the internal ethnic contradictions and class contradictions of the Houjin were increasingly fierce, the economy of the Houjin was facing great difficulties, and the people of the Houjin were tired of war. For the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji established the two strategies of "peace talks and self-defense" to buy time and solve the series of urgent problems facing the Later Jin Dynasty. Then, when the time was ripe, he would attack the Ming Dynasty. [At that time, Ming Dynasty became tougher because of Ning Yuan's victory. As soon as Huang Taiji came to power, he wrote a letter to the governor of Ningyuan, Yuan Chonghuan, expressing his wish to "reconcile with each other". The Ming Dynasty did not wait for the Houjin to retreat. Instead, they built Tashan, Linghe City, and Jinzhou City to prepare for war. In May of the first year of Tiancong (the seventh year of Tianqi of the Ming Dynasty, 1627), after conquering the North Korea Dynasty, Huang Taiji personally led the army to conquer the Ming Dynasty. At this time, Yuan Chonghuan, the general of the Ming Dynasty, was carrying out a "recovery plan", which was to "use the Liao people to defend the Liao territory, and use the Liao territory to support the Liao people". He built the city and opened up wasteland to support the war. He believed that "defense is the right thing to do, and war is the best thing to do." [22]Huang Taiji wanted to attack as soon as possible and start the Battle of Ningjin. As a result, he suffered heavy casualties while Ningyuan City remained unmoved. They continued to attack for more than ten days, but they still had no success. The one guarding Ning Yuan was Yuan Chonghuan. He ordered Man Gui, You Shilu, and Zu Dashou to leave the city to resist. Huang Taiji urged Daishan, Amin, Manggultai, Azige and others to attack. The Ming army shouted to resist. Yuan Chonghuan sat in command and fired cannons. The Jin soldiers fell in rows. The guerrillas Jue Luo Baishan and Bei Yu Ba Xi were shot dead. Berelzir Harang, Sahalian and Wakda were all injured. Ming General Man Gui was also heavily injured, and more than half of his soldiers were either dead or injured. Since Ningyuan was not captured, Huang Taiji returned to Jinzhou. It was already June 4th. Many soldiers suffered from heatstroke. Huang Taiji knew that he could not stay for long and ordered his troops to retreat the next day. The Ming army successfully defended this battle, and it was known as the "Great Victory of Ning Jin". If they could not attack Liaoxi, they could not enter Shanhaiguan. If they wanted to seize Beijing, they had to find another way out. Huang Taiji had some understanding of Mongolia. At that time, he had already participated in the alliance with Khorka, Horqin, and other tribes. He had also led troops to help Horqin.
In February of the second year of Tiancong (1628), Huang Taiji first led his two younger brothers, Dorgon and the army led by Dordor, to attack the Dorot tribe under Chahar. They entered Aomulun and captured 11,200 people. Because of the great victory of Aomulun, Dorgon was given the name Mergen Daiqing, and Dordor was given the name Erk Chuhuer. In August, peace was negotiated with Karqin, and in September, the troops of Horqin, Karqin, Aohan, Naiman and Karka were mobilized to join forces. 9th month, 6th day, the Jin army marched to Chahar. On the 20th, he attacked Silha, Sibotu, Ying, Tang and other places and captured them all. The next day, they chased to Xing 'an Mountains and captured countless people and livestock. They returned victorious in mid-October. [25]In this expedition, the Houjin not only attacked the enemy Chahar tribe, but also further consolidated their rule over the Mongol tribes that had surrendered. Soon after, Huang Taiji sent Ashdarhan to these places to announce the imperial edict. In the future, if he attacked Chahar, all the guards under the age of seventy and over thirteen would be recruited. Violators would be punished with camels, and those who did not come to the appointed place would also be punished with horses.
Third, reform the old and reform the new, attack the other three Baylors, and consolidate the central power.
From October of the third year of Tiancong (1629) to the first month of the fourth year of Tiancong (1630), Huang Taiji led his army from Mongolia into the mainland under the difficult situation of the Ming Dynasty's Guanning Jin defense line. He failed to attack Beijing, which was known as the "Change of Ji Si" in history. In the first month of the fourth year of Tiancong (1630), Huang Taiji led his troops to capture Zunhua, Yongping, Qian 'an and Luanzhou. He decided to consolidate the four cities he had already occupied, and to make a nail in the pass as a stronghold. The Ming court mobilized various armies, organized counterattacks, and recovered Yongping and other four cities. Later, the Jin soldiers were defeated and returned to Shen Yang. Huang Taiji had already gained four cities because of the loss. He was so sad that he shed tears. All the officials, big and small, shed tears when they saw him. [101]
After Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he followed the trend of history and promoted the feudalization of the Houjin regime. Huang Taiji himself had good cultural attainments, and at this time he implemented measures to revitalize culture and education. In the third year of Tiancong (1629, the second year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty), he first proposed to use martial arts to suppress the rebellion and use culture and education to assist peace. He changed his father Nurhachi's policy of slaughtering scholars. In that year, he held an examination and selected 200 Manchu, Han and Mongolian students. [26]He had already realized the importance of developing culture and education to governing the country, and said that he could not think that not reading would not delay things. It was stipulated that from the sixth year of Tiancong (the fifth year of Ming Chongzhen, 1632), all children of Baylor ministers under the age of fifteen and above the age of eight were allowed to study. He sent people to measure the land and return the land to the public, giving it to the people to cultivate. The Banner Lords and nobles were not allowed to set up farms. He also changed the original 13 able-bodied men into a village to 8 able-bodied men into a village."The rest of the Han people will be divided into other villages and will be compiled into civilian households.”And ordered the compilation of able-bodied men, the release of some slaves for the people. These measures restricted the privileges of the Manchu nobles to a certain extent, which was conducive to the development of agricultural production. He tried his best to learn Han culture and ordered the Confucian officials to translate Chinese books.
Huang Taiji actively weakened the other three Baylor. In June of the fourth year of Tiancong (1630), Huang Taiji took advantage of the defeat of the second Baylor Amin to abandon Luanzhou, Yongping, Qian 'an and Zunhua. He summoned the ministers of the Baylor and set 16 counts of Amin. Amin was sent to the high wall and imprisoned, never to be used. Soon after, Amin died of illness. In August of the fifth year of Tiancong (1631), during the Battle of Daling River, Huang Taiji and the Third Baylor, Mangguertai, had a quarrel. Mangguertai drew his sword at each other. Huang Taiji used this as an excuse to punish Manghuiertai. He removed the title of the Great Baylor and demoted him to an ordinary Baylor. He also took away his five-cow record and fined him ten thousand taels of silver and a certain number of horses. He died of anger. At this point, only the Eldest Baylor was left. In December of the same year, when Zhu Bei Le suggested that Manggu Ertai should not sit with the higher-ups, Daishan immediately said,"We are serving the lord and sitting side by side with him. From now on, you will sit in the middle with me and Mangguertai on the sides." He took the initiative to request to leave and was allowed to do so by Huang Taiji. [During the New Year's Day celebration on the first day of the first lunar month in the sixth year of Tiancong (the fifth year of Chongzhen, 1632), Huang Taiji accepted Li Bolong's suggestion to abolish the old system of 'sitting in the south together with the Three Great Baylords', and changing it to' sitting alone in the south 'to highlight the supreme position of the Khan. In September of the ninth year of Tiancong (1633), Huang Taiji held a meeting of the ministers of the Baylor and accused Daishan of being disrespectful to himself. Everyone discussed that Daishan was "at odds with the emperor" and listed four crimes. He planned to remove the name of the Great Baylor, remove the position of Heshuo Baylor, deprive the population of Shiniulu, punish ten pommel horses, ten sets of armor, and ten thousand taels of silver. However, Huang Taiji knew that this was just an excuse to increase the power of the Khan, so he only punished the silver horse armor. From then on, the three Baylors that threatened the power of the Khan had been eliminated. Huang Taiji's strength had increased greatly, and the other Baylors were unable to compete with him, which strengthened and consolidated the power of the Khan.
In order to unite and win over the Han and Mongols, Huang Taiji strengthened the foundation of his rule. At the same time, in order to strengthen his military power to meet the needs of the war against the Ming Dynasty, and to balance the military power of the Eight Banners of the Manchu and the Beile, he expanded the Eight Banners organization to the Han and Mongols. In the seventh year of Tiancong (the sixth year of Chongzhen, 1633), on the second day of the sixth month, Huang Taiji gave a speech and ordered his soldiers to not harass the newly surrendered people. Under the influence of Huang Taiji, the Ming generals Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi and others all surrendered to the Houjin. Huang Taiji led the Baylor out of the city to meet the Hunhe River, holding the line to greet the ceremony, in order to show the emperor's preferential treatment. Kong and Geng not only brought 12,000 strong soldiers and Hong Yi cannons, but also accelerated the collapse of the Ming Dynasty's Liaodong coastal defense. In less than four months, Shang Kexi, the vice general guarding Guanglu Island, followed in the footsteps of Kong and Geng. Huang Taiji praised him for "knowing the direction of the times" and "destroying the coastal defense is my credit".
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At this moment, Huang Taiji had his hands behind his back as he stared at the huge sand table in front of him. On the sand table was a map of the Central Plains.
He stood in front of the sand table.
It seemed that the world was under Huang Taiji.
He looked at the sand table.
The territory of the Qing Dynasty was covered with the flags of the Qing Dynasty. Outside the Qing Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty, the Mongolian Chahar, Zhungeer, and other territories were all under the gaze of Huang Taiji.
The hall was silent.
However, there seemed to be a sound on the sand table.
"The Central Plains is the world."
"That day won't be too far away."
"Just wait for me, I will wipe you out one by one. I will let the banner of my Qing Dynasty spread all over the world. The world should be the territory of my Qing Dynasty.”Huang Taiji stared at the sand table, his eyes filled with ambition.
At this moment.
A hunched figure walked in from outside the hall, not daring to stand upright.
"What is it?"
Huang Taiji didn't even turn his head and asked in a dignified manner,
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