Aisin Gioro Daishan, Manchurian Zhenghongqi people, and Shuo Li Lie Prince. He was the second son of Nurhachi, Emperor Taizu of the Qing Dynasty, and his mother was Tong Jia Hanazaqing, the imperial concubine of the Yuan Dynasty.
In the first year of Tianming (1616), Daishan was granted the title of Heshuo Baylor and participated in the country's politics. He was ranked first among the four Baylors and was known as the Great Baylor. Daishan and his son led the two red flags of Manchuria (the main red flag and the inlaid red flag) and made many military achievements in the process of conquering the Jurchen tribes, Mongolia and the Ming Dynasty. Because of his bravery in battle, he was given the name "Guying Batulu".
Dai Shan and his elder brother Chu Ying were both born to the first wife of Qing Taizu Nurhachi, the first generation Fujin Tongjia (named Hanazhaqing).
When Daishan was young, he participated in the battles to unify the Jurchen. In 1599 (the twenty-seventh year of Wanli), the 16-year-old Daishan followed Nurhachi for the first time to conquer Hada, Huifa, and Yehe. He was awarded the title of Baylor for his military merit.
The Daishan of his youth was brave and good at fighting, unlike the Daishan of his current age, who had his edges polished and enjoyed his old age by singing at home.
This life of Daishan could be said to be full of ups and downs, from the peak to the bottom.
There are a few points worth recalling about the Lord of Benevolence: The first was to help Nurhachi complete the unification of the Jurchen in his early years. The second was to participate in the major war against the Ming Dynasty and play a key role. The third was that he abused his son and was disqualified from the throne by Nurhachi. The fourth was to support Huang Taiji and be suspected instead. The fifth was during the Dorgon era, when he was an idle prince.
First, he assisted Nurhachi in his early years and completed the unification of the Jurchen.
Daishan had long assisted the country's politics internally and commanded heavy troops externally. In 1607 (the 35th year of Wanli), Dai Shan and his eldest brother Chu Ying were ordered to follow his uncle Shurhazi, Fei Yingdong, Hu Erhan, Yang Guli, and other three thousand troops to Feiyou City to welcome the East China Sea Jurchen Warka tribe Feiyou City, and to lead the Mutehe tribe to surrender. The army saw a light on the flag at night. Everyone thought it was strange. They touched it and saw that there was no light. They planted the flag again, and the light was the same as before. Shurhaqi suspected that this was not a good omen and wanted to withdraw his troops. Dai Shan and Chu Ying decided to attack. After they arrived at Feiyou City, they took in about 500 households. The three Baylors ordered Fei Yingdong and Hu Erhan to lead 300 troops to escort them first.
Unexpectedly, Beile Buzhantai of the Wula tribe heard about it and ordered Beile Bokeduo to lead more than 10,000 troops to hide in the area of Wujie Cliff on the right bank of Tumen River. On the 19th day of the second month of the lunar calendar in 1607 (the 35th year of Wanli), he suddenly rushed out and blocked the road to kill. Huerhan ordered the 500 Feiyou City Jurchen escorts to set up camp on the mountain and sent 100 soldiers to guard it. He led 200 soldiers to confront the enemy camp. At the same time, he sent people to report the matter of the Ula tribe's interception to the three Baylors.
The next night, the three Baylors arrived. Faced with the threat of a sudden attack from the army, Chu Ying and Dai Shan shouted angrily at the soldiers,""My father has always been good at conquering. Although he is at home now, the two of us have led troops here. Buzhan Tai was once captured by our country and tied to the neck with an iron chain to avoid death and preside over his country. It was not long before Buzhan was calm and collected. His life was released from my hands. Is it God who released him? Don't think you have too many troops. God helps our country's prestige. My father's reputation has long been famous. We will win this battle.”
Although these words were not many, they were very effective in boosting morale. At that time, there were only 3,000 Jurchen soldiers in Jianzhou, while the Wu La tribe had more than 10,000 soldiers. Moreover, they were well prepared and waited for fatigue. The difference in strength between the two sides was quite large. It was already a big problem for the Jianzhou soldiers to break through the enemy's encirclement and return home safely. It was even easier said than done to defeat the enemy. Chu Ying and Dai Shan's words were undoubtedly very encouraging. The Jianzhou soldiers shouted in unison,""We are willing to die, so we bravely crossed the river."
Dai Shan and his brother Chu Ying took the opportunity to lead the army up the mountain and charged into the enemy camp, defeating Bu Zhantai's ten thousand Wu La soldiers. When the two armies were facing each other, Daishan urged his horse forward and rushed to the enemy's main general, Bokedo. He reached out his left hand and grabbed the helmet worn by Bokedo. He waved his sword and beheaded him under the horse. Then, he killed Bokedo's son.
In this battle, the Jurchen soldiers of Jianzhou captured Chang Zhu and his son and his younger brother Hulibu Baylor alive, killed 3,000 people, captured 5,000 horses and 3,000 sets of armor.
After returning triumphantly, Nurhachi gave Daishan the name "Guying Batulu" because he fought bravely. "Guying" was a Manchu transliteration, which meant "hat iron inlaid with nails on the top of the hilt", and Batulu meant "brave general" in Manchu. [5]He was brave and as hard as steel, and he was the strongest warrior. This honorific title was unique to Daishan in the Qing Dynasty. It could be seen that Nurhachi highly praised Daishan for his bravery.
In 1612 (the 40th year of Wanli), Daishan, Amin, Mangguertai, Huangtaiji, Eyidu, Fei Yingdong and other five ministers could not stand the abuse of the ruling elder brother Chu Ying and jointly reported to Nurhachi. Nurhachi was very angry and removed Chu Ying's heir status and dismissed him from power (executed three years later).
After Chu Ying was dismissed from office, Daishan was the oldest among the sons. He was brave and good at fighting. He had outstanding military achievements and had two flags, the red flag and the red flag. Nurhachi ordered the big Baylor to replace Daishan and said,"When I'm a hundred years old, I'll hand over my youngest sons and Great Fujin to Big Brother (meaning good) to adopt.”So Dai Shan's power was prominent.
On the 17th day of the first month of 1613 (the 41st year of Wanli), Daishan followed Nurhachi to attack Wula Department, captured Xunzata, Guoduo and Emo, and camped in Emo City. Wu La tribe leader Bu Zhantai led 30,000 troops and crossed Fulha City to fight.
Nurhachi's subordinates requested to fight. Nurhachi considered it carefully and said,""My teacher came from afar to fight and wanted to end the battle quickly. At first, he was thinking about how to lure Bu Zhantai out of the city. Now that his soldiers are in the countryside, we aren't going to kill them. If he knew this, why would he have to feed his horses, prepare his armor, saddle, bow, arrow, and spear from his own home? If they didn't fight today, wouldn't they be helpless after Bu Zhantai married Ye He?”
Therefore, Nurhachi ordered the attack. He was about a hundred steps away from the Ula Infantry. Daishan rose up and attacked, leading the army to break through the Ula tribe and capture the capital city. Wu La soldiers fled, Daishan chased more than half. Buchantai fled to Yehe, and all the cities under his jurisdiction surrendered to Nurhachi and were divided into ten thousand households.
On the first day of the spring of 1616 (the first year of Tianming), Nurhachi officially established the Houjin Kingdom and named the year Tianming. According to the achievements of the ministers, Daishan, his cousin Amin, his fifth brother Mangguertai, and his eighth brother Huangtaiji were granted the title of Heshuo Baylor by Nurhachi. In order of age, Daishan was called the Great Baylor.
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The second point was that Daishan had participated in several major wars with the Ming Dynasty and played a key role.
Daishan had participated in the Battle of Fushun and made great contributions.
In 1618 (the 46th year of Wanli, the 3rd year of Houjin Tianming), on the 13th day of the 4th month of the lunar calendar, Houjin Nurhachi vowed to rebel against the Ming Dynasty with the Seven Great Hatred. He led 20,000 infantry and cavalry to attack Fushun of the Ming Dynasty. Daishan and other Baylor ministers followed him to the expedition. The army had been marching for two days when it suddenly rained heavily. Nurhachi wanted to return.
The second point was that Daishan had participated in several major wars with the Ming Dynasty and played a key role.
Daishan had participated in the Battle of Fushun and made great contributions.
In 1618 (the 46th year of Wanli, the 3rd year of Houjin Tianming), on the 13th day of the 4th month of the lunar calendar, Houjin Nurhachi vowed to rebel against the Ming Dynasty with the Seven Great Hatred. He led 20,000 infantry and cavalry to attack Fushun of the Ming Dynasty. Daishan and other Baylor ministers followed him to the expedition. The army had been marching for two days when it suddenly rained heavily. Nurhachi wanted to return.
Daishan urged the army to advance and advised,"Since our army has already entered the border of the Ming Dynasty, if we return because of the rain, can we still make peace with the Ming Dynasty?" The leak of the military aircraft would cause endless trouble. Although it was raining and the road was muddy, making it inconvenient to walk, the soldiers had rain equipment and could still continue to move forward. Moreover, because of this, the enemy might be relaxed. Who would travel a long distance to attack the castle in the rain? Therefore, if they used the rain to launch a sneak attack, it would be like falling from the sky, catching the enemy off guard.”
Nurhachi listened to Daishan's suggestion and canceled the decision to retreat. He ordered the army to advance and easily take Fushun. The Ming Dynasty guerrilla Li Yongfang surrendered and captured more than 500 castles such as Mahadan and Dongzhou. He captured 300,000 people and livestock. Daishan took the lead and bravely killed the enemy. He made great contributions and won the first great victory in the Ming Dynasty.
Ming Dynasty commander Zhang Chengyin and other people led ten thousand people to pursue, Daishan and four Baylor to fight, Nurhachi sent messengers to stop, Daishan said: "If he waits for me, I will fight him. If you don't wait, you'll run away. We should take advantage of the momentum to pursue and attack. Don't let our soldiers return quietly and think that we are timid.”Nurhachi agreed with Daishan's opinion and moved his troops to the border, breaking through the three battalions and killing Zhang Chengyin, his deputy general Po Tingxiang, general Pu Shifang, guerrilla Liang Rugui, etc.
Saerhu victory, Dai Shan as the vanguard, the first credit.
On the second day of the first month of 1619 (the fourth year of Tianming), Nurhachi led his army to attack Yehe. Daishan was ordered by his father to lead 16 people and 5,000 soldiers to garrison Jiaha Pass to defend against the Ming army.
In the year 1619 (the fourth year of Tianming), at the end of the second month of the lunar calendar, Yang Gao, the Ming Dynasty's Liaodong governor, led an army of about 100,000 people and ordered his troops to encircle Houjin in four directions.
When Nurhachi received the news that the Ming army was splitting up, he ordered the various kings, Baylor, and the ministers to lead the army to the west to meet the enemy. As the army was marching, the scout reported,""The Ming army has 60,000 people departing from Qinghe City.”Daishan said,"The road to Qinghe is narrow and rugged, which is not conducive to rapid marching. We should first resist the enemy from Fushun."”
The commander of the Ming Dynasty, Juniper, split his troops into two, with the main force stationed at Sarhu Mountain, and led 10,000 people to cross the river to attack Jilin Cliff. At that time, although there were only a few hundred Jurchen soldiers defending the cliff, because of the steep terrain of the cliff and the solid facilities, Juniper could not attack it.
In 1619 (the fourth year of Tianming), on the first day of the third month of the lunar calendar, Daishan, Sibeile and Huangtaiji were ordered by Nurhachi to lead the Second Banner Army to reinforce JiLin Cliff. Nurhachi personally led the Six Banner Soldiers to attack the main force of the Juniper Army in the Sarhu area. The main force of Du's army was defeated, with many casualties. With the help of Daishan's reinforcements, the defenders of the Later Jin Dynasty stationed at Jilin Cliff also defeated the attacking enemy. The Ming army's commanders, Juniper, Wang Xuan, Zhao Menglin, and others, all died in the battle.
On the night of the first day of the third month, the Ming Dynasty North Road Army led by Ma Lin entered Shangjian Cliff (northeast of Sa Er Hu). After learning that the Juniper Army had been defeated, they did not dare to advance and divided their troops into three areas to defend themselves.
Daishan was ordered to be the vanguard of the front line, leading the army straight to Shangjian Cliff. On the morning of the second day of the third month, the two sides fought. Nurhachi led his personal guards and the soldiers of the Second Banner to leave the camp and climb a hill to look out. When Nurhachi saw the soldiers from the inner and outer camps joining up, he ordered them to start fighting the Ming army. Therefore, Daishan descended from the left side of the mountain, which was the southern slope, to the foot of the mountain. He ordered his soldiers to dismount and prepare to fight on foot. There were only forty or fifty people who dismounted, and the Ming army attacked from the west. Daishan said to Nurhachi,"I should lead the army forward.”He then rode his horse to meet the enemy and charged straight into the Ming army. The various Baylors and Taiji, who led the troops, also followed Daishan to attack the Ming army. The two armies fought, and the Ming army retreated. Most of the attacking Ming army was killed, and Ma Yan was killed. Ma Lin escaped alone. Then, Daishan moved to Feifen Mountain and defeated Pan Zongyan's troops. On the fifth day of March, Daishan and the other three Baylors joined forces to wipe out the army of Liu Ting, the commander of the Ming Dynasty, in Abu Daligang. After that, the Jin Dynasty won the Battle of Sarhu.
After the defeat of the Ming army, many Baylors advocated killing the North Korean Marshal Jiang Hongli who came to help the Ming army. However, Daishan did not agree. He believed that if they wanted to fight the Ming Dynasty in the south, they had to cooperate with North Korea in the north. When North Korea Marshal Jiang Hongli led the remaining 5,000 soldiers down the mountain to surrender, Nurhachi was furious and wanted to kill all the North Korean soldiers because he did not pay his respects to Nurhachi with the Houjin etiquette. However, Daishan came forward to stop him. Daishan said," The peace treaty on the battlefield has already sworn to heaven. If we kill them, heaven will not tolerate it." He also suggested that the North Korean army be released back to North Korea. In the end, Taizu followed Daishan's words and temporarily reached a peace treaty with North Korea.
After the Battle of Sarhu, the Later Jin Army took advantage of the situation to capture Kaiyuan. In 1619 (the fourth year of Tianming), on the 25th day of the seventh month of the lunar calendar, Daishan followed Nurhachi to attack Tieling. After capturing Tieling City, Daishan led his troops to attack the tens of thousands of Mongol soldiers led by Qisai Beile, who were hiding in the Gaoliang area. The Mongol soldiers were defeated to the Liao River, and Daishan killed them there.
Daishan captured the Mongol Baylor Qisai and his sons, Seteqir and Koxiketu, Zalut Tubak, Seben brothers, and the son of Horqin Ming 'an Baylor, Sangar Stronghold, etc., a total of six Baylors, as well as the trusted minister of Qisai Baylor, Daigar Tabuxiang, and more than ten ministers, totaling 150 people.
In 1619 (the fourth year of Tianming), on the 19th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, Daishan followed Nurhachi to attack Yehe. On the morning of the 22nd, the army arrived at Yehe. Daishan, Amin, and Mangurtai led their troops to capture the west city of Yehe, and Nurhachi captured the east city. The Baylor of Yehe, Yehenara Buyanggu (Daishan's brother-in-law), and his brother Burhanggu sent messengers to surrender and asked Daishan to swear not to kill them. Daishan agreed and swore an alliance with Buyanggu and his mother (Daishan's mother-in-law). Buyanggu surrendered (and was later hanged), and Burhanggubelle was brought back to his home by Daishan.
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The third point was that Daishan was disqualified from the throne because of his mistreatment of his son.
In March and April of 1620 (the fifth year of Tianming), the Later Jin Kingdom was preparing to move from Jiefan City to Sarhu City. Nurhachi inspected and appointed the land where the Baylors would build their mansions. Daishan saw that his eldest son Yuetuo's renovated house was better than his own, so he asked Mangguertai and Amin to plead for him, saying that his place of residence was small and he wanted to occupy Yuetuo's house.
On the third day of the ninth month in the year 1620 (the fifth year of Tianming), Daishan's second son, Aisin Gioro Shuotuo (Yue Tuo's younger brother), suddenly disappeared because he could not stand Daishan's abuse. Some people said that he had "defected" to the Ming Dynasty. Before he could confirm whether Shuotuo had defected, Daishan insisted that Shuotuo had defected. After finding Shuotuo and making it clear that he had not defected, Daishan still knelt down five or six times to Nurhachi and requested to kill Shuotuo. Daishan's request was rejected, and Nurhachi released Shuotuo.
Nurhachi then began to investigate the treatment Daishan gave to the two sons of his ex-wife. He found that Daishan's sons, Yuetuo and Shuotuo, had poorer assets than their other half-brothers. Therefore, Nurhachi angrily rebuked Daishan, saying,"You are also the son of your ex-wife. Why don't you think that I am closer to you?" How could you be deceived by your stepwife and abuse your grown son? Besides, I've always treated you with specially selected good subjects for you to manage. Why can't you give good subjects to Yuetuo and Shuotuo like me?
Nurhachi separated Yuetuo, Shuotuo, and Daishan, and publicly announced the abolition of Daishan's position as Crown Prince.
After Daishan was dethroned, on the 28th day of the ninth month of the lunar calendar in 1620 (the fifth year of Tianming), he personally killed his stepwife to apologize to his father. Nurhachi wanted him and his brothers to swear that if they hated the Baylors and ministers in the future, they were willing to be punished by heaven and earth. Nurhachi forgave Daishan. Although Daishan had been stripped of his position as Crown Prince, he still had to be the head of the four Baylors and participate in the governance of the country.
Daishan was ranked first among the four Baylors.
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