Due to the special status of the ethnic minorities and the lack of long-standing cultural traditions, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty had always attached great importance to the education of Manchurian descendants. Before the Qing Dynasty entered the pass, the Eight Banners Official School and the Zong School had been established. During the Kangxi period, the Jingshan Official School was established. However, the government school was small at that time, and the number of students it recruited was also small. For example, during the Shunzhi period, the Eight Banners government schools only sent one student from each assistant leader, and a flag could only choose 40 to 50 students at most. By the Yongzheng period, the types and scale of official schools had greatly increased. From the harsh struggle with the Yunca Group, Yinzhen realized that if the imperial clan, Jue Luo, and other noble children were not educated and managed, it was likely that there would be another Sunu and Seventy-style opposition among them, which would destroy and interfere with the concentration of imperial power. Not long after he ascended the throne, he deliberately strengthened the education of the children of the Manchu aristocrats and re-established the school in the second year of Yongzheng. Yinzhen had made his purpose clear when he summoned the chief of the school, Shanfu, the general of the auxiliary country."I only want to live in harmony with the clan and educate them first. I once saw that the habits of the imperial clan were not good, each with selfish motives, fighting against each other, and did not have the intention of supporting and loving each other. I only knew that his favorite wife and in-laws were regarded as enemies by his own flesh and blood.……The descendants of the king of Baylor are arrogant and extravagant. There are often people who do not care about propriety and righteousness and fall into sin. Among them, generals and idle imperial clan members do not know how to respect themselves. They compare themselves with villains and squander the property of their ancestors, especially many of them... These are the things that can be taken seriously in the imperial clan. I once lamented that the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty flourished for a long time and lost its discipline. It was vulgar and vulgar, so much so that it could not be said. I'm really worried that my royal family is declining day by day. I don't know what happened before, so I'm deeply worried. Therefore, it is necessary to bite the chips to save the country. If it were not for the establishment of education, encouragement and rejuvenation, and systematic guidance, how could we make them correct their mistakes and change their good deeds, hoping that they would succeed? Now set up a special school, select you to teach the imperial clan.”From this, it could be seen that Yinzhen's education of the imperial clan's children was closely related to stabilizing the political situation and consolidating the imperial power.
The school was also known as the left and right wing school, which was used to educate the descendants of Nurhachi. It was founded in the 10th year of Shunzhi and did not develop during the Kangxi period. At that time, the students were limited to princes, county lords, and princes who were over ten years old. Yinzhen expanded the scale of the school according to the needs. Each school on the two wings was led by a prince, with a chief of orthodox school, eight deputy chiefs, two teachers of Qing Shu, one teacher of Han Shu and two teachers of riding and shooting. The number of students also increased. All princes, generals, and idle imperial clan children who were willing to study under the age of 18 and those who were already studying in Mongolia and willing to enter the school over the age of 19 could study in the imperial clan. Students learn Manchu and Han characters at school, and at the same time train in riding and archery. The state provides silver rice, paper, and pen every month. The establishment of the sect school had won a portion of the imperial clan. Support. When they thanked him, Yinzhen taught them face to face and set up a school to educate the children of the imperial clan to be harmonious, quiet and lawless. Otherwise,"The imperial clan only has more than a thousand people, not even the number of ten assistant leaders. If they fall into each other's trap like this, what can we stop?"”
While Yin Zhen rebuilt the school, he also created two new official schools to educate the other Eight Banners children who were closely related to the royal family. One was the Xian 'an Palace School, and the other was the Eight Banners Jueluo School. Learn. The Xian 'an Palace School was a school under the Internal Affairs Bureau. The students were all children of the Three Banners of the Internal Affairs Bureau. They studied Manchu, Chinese, riding, and archery. Such a school had been established during the Kangxi period. It was called Jingshan Official School and was located in Jingshan. However, in the sixth year of Yongzheng, Yinzhen proposed to set up a similar school on the grounds that the Xian 'an Palace was idle, with 90 students enrolled and Hanlin and Wula people as teachers. Because the school was located in the Xian 'an Palace in the Forbidden City, the students of the Xian' an Palace official school had to go to school in the day, but in rainy and snowy weather, they could also make an exception and stay overnight.
The Eight Banners Jueluo School was a school that specialized in educating the children of Jueluo. Jue Luo was the descendant of Nurhachi's uncle and brother. From Nurhachi's time to the Yongzheng period, they multiplied and had a large population. Before the Yongzheng period, Jue Luo belonged to each flag. When Yinzhen was reducing the power of the kings and flag lords, he withdrew the five flags from the subordinates of the kings and became the public assistant leader. In the seventh year of Yongzheng, he believed that it was necessary to strengthen the management and education of the nobles who were closely related to the royal family, so he decided to hold the Jue Luo School. This school is attached to the imperial clan, by the emperor Qinjian Prince in charge. Each flag set up a school, and two Jueluo were appointed as deputy managers. The students were Jueluo children who had not studied between the ages of eight to eighteen, or those who had studied but were still willing to study above the age of nineteen. Yinzhen's requirements for Jueluo School were very strict." He ordered the princes and princes to be tested every spring and autumn, and the ministers to take the examination every three years. The best ones would be rewarded by name, the second ones would study abroad and be taught, and the bad ones would be dismissed. Xue Cheng and the flag people should be the same year examination and township, will try, and use the book, pen post type and other officials.”The establishment of the Jueluo School created invisible pressure on the Jueluo people, and to a certain extent, it formed Yinzhen's control over them.
In addition to organizing the above-mentioned official schools, Yinzhen also ordered the reconstruction of the free schools and the expansion of the eight banners official schools. The school was first established in the 30th year of Kangxi. At that time, the goal was to educate the children around the age of ten. In the second year of Yongzheng, Yinzhen decided to change the education target of the free school to those poor people who could not study under a teacher. The free school was inspected by the officials of the Ministry of Rites, two officials were assigned to manage it, and more than 80 official rooms were allocated as school buildings. In the sixth year of Yongzheng, Yinzhen decided to expand the recruitment of free schools to "all children of the Eight Banners under twenty years old and over ten years old who are willing to study". However, there was one rule. The free school was not responsible for the students 'future. Instead, it adopted the method of " if they fail in their studies, they will still choose soldiers as usual " to motivate the students to study. The Eight Banners Official School had the longest history among the various official schools of the Qing Dynasty. It had been established as early as the fifth year of Tiancong. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, Yinzhen changed the rule of sending one official student to each flag, which doubled the number of official students.
The establishment and expansion of these official schools strengthened Yinzhen's control over the imperial clan, Jueluo, and the Eight Banners, and cultivated a large number of loyal slaves for the Qing Dynasty. This would be of great benefit to the strengthening of the imperial power.
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