China Transferring the North Korean Division (1)
During the civil war, many Koreans in the northeast joined the People's Liberation Army. By early May 1949, the scale had reached three divisions. At this time, the Tang Dynasty agreed to hand over the three divisions to North Korea. Two of them arrived in North Korea in July, and the other division was reorganized into a division and a regiment at the end of January 1950 and handed over to North Korea between March and April of the same year.
The North Korean troops in the People's Liberation Army of the former dynasty were incorporated into the North Korean People's Army, which made the North Korean army, which only had three divisions, one regiment, and two border security brigades, instantly increase its strength.
On June 25, 1950, shortly after the three divisions were handed over to North Korea, the Korean War broke out.
At the beginning of the war, the Korean People's Army had a total of 21 infantry regiments, of which 10 regiments were formed by the troops transferred from China to North Korea. Many of the senior commanders of the Korean People's Army, including Chief of Staff Jiang Jian, two commanders, and six division commanders, had experienced the battle against the Kuomintang-led army in the northeast of China. They had rich combat experience and played a pivotal role in the Korean War.
In view of the tense situation on the Korean Peninsula, the Soviet Union decided to temporarily stay in Hamhung Port and provide emergency military assistance on the grounds that American troops were still in Korea. On the other hand, he suggested that North Korea take the necessary measures.
On April 28, North Korea sent a member of the Politburo of the Labor Party, Kim Yi, to request the transfer of North Korean troops to North Korea.
The Chinese government immediately agreed to North Korea's request, saying that there were three North Korean divisions in the People's Liberation Army. The two divisions stationed in Shengyang and Changchun could be handed over to North Korea at any time, and the other division was participating in the offensive battle and would be handed over to the North Korean government after the war in the south.
After negotiations, North Korea and the Soviet Union formulated a defensive strategy against a large-scale attack by Korea, including the entry of North Korean troops into North Korea.
Vysinsky predicted that Han would attack North Korea in June 1949. The "conclusions and countermeasures" part of the report that Shtkov sent to Vysinsky on June 22 clearly stated: " Once the South Korean army starts to attack, the two North Korean divisions stationed in Mukden and Changchun will immediately be transferred to North Korea for deployment." Their mission is to enter North Korea's territory to launch a defensive battle when the South Korean army attacks.
On July 13, Shtkov once again pointed out in his report: " The southern army will launch a preemptive attack on the northern army in July. "The government has decided to transfer the North Korean division of the People's Liberation Army back to North Korea. The Shenyang Division will be deployed in Xinyi Prefecture, and the Changchun Division will be deployed in Luonan."
According to the decision of the government, the Changchun Division (164th Division) left Changchun on July 20th and arrived at Luonan in North Korea through Huining, becoming the 5th Division of the Korean People's Army. In the same month, the Shenyang Division (166th Division) set off from Shenyang and entered Sinuiju on July 25. Finally, it moved to Anju (Huanghai Road) and became the 6th Division of the Korean People's Army.
However, in the second half of 1949, Starling began to worry that North Korea would attack Han. On September 23, 1949, Starling, in the name of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), reported: "The proposal of the North Korean People's Army to attack the south needs to be seriously considered from both military and political aspects." He expressed his opposition to North Korea attacking Han.
On October 30, Starling even severely reprimanded the Soviet ambassador to North Korea, saying: " Instigating North Korea to launch a local attack on South Korea. Such provocative actions threaten our interests and may lead to a major war. Your actions are completely irresponsible."
Although Starling opposed the plan to unify North Korea by force, with the smooth progress of the Chinese Liberation War, the transfer of another North Korean division of the People's Liberation Army to North Korea was also on the agenda.
On December 25, 1949, the commander of the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army reported to the military and government,"There are about 16000 Koreans serving in the People's Liberation Army.""After our army moved to southern China, there was a storm one day. Some people requested to send them back to their motherland." "Now the war will end. For the benefit of the North Korean people, we are willing to send these trained officials back to North Korea.”
He also requested the central government to discuss with the Korean Labor Party. On December 29th, Nie Rongzhen, acting chief of staff, forwarded the telegram to the Chinese government, which was visiting Moscow.
After receiving the telegram, they informed the Soviet Union that China intended to transfer the remaining North Korean troops to North Korea and began negotiations through the trade representative office in pyongyong.
North Korea hoped to "immediately send three staff officers to China to reorganize the troops. After changing into summer clothes in April, they will return to North Korea and select more than 1,000 people to return to North Korea to learn mechanized arms." On January 11, 1950, China agreed to North Korea's request.
North Korea sent Jin Guangxia and the other two to China to negotiate with the acting Chief of Staff Nie Rongzhen. Apart from troops, North Korea also hoped that China would provide equipment. On January 22, Nie Rongzhen reported North Korea's new request to the central government. After receiving the report from the government, the government in Moscow agreed on the 25th.
After some preparations, 8500 North Korean soldiers from the 156th Division of the 43rd Army, 2500 from the 15th Regiment of the 4th Field Army, 1000 from the 113th Division, and 2000 from the 47th Division gathered in Zhengzhou.
In mid-March, these North Korean troops were reorganized into an independent 15th Division, a regiment, and an independent brigade. On March 20th, the 15th Independent Division set off for Wonsan, North Korea. At the end of March, they arrived at Wonsan and became the 12th Division of the Korean People's Army. The other regiment set off for Songlin in early April to become the 18th regiment of the Korean People's Army. The independent brigade went to pyongyong to join the mechanized infantry regiment.
Regarding the transfer of the North Korean troops to North Korea, some people believed that the North Korean troops were planned by the Soviet Union, China, and North Korea. China fully helped North Korea to unify the Korean Peninsula by force. This statement was wrong.
The background of the transfer of the North Korean division was:
1. At the beginning of May 1949, in terms of military affairs, the Kuomintangs were no longer able to compete with China. As a result, the North Korean troops that served as garrisons in Mukden and Changchun lost their original military importance. In some Jiefang District, the Chinese had even begun to reduce their forces. At this time, North Korea requested China to hand over the North Korean troops, and the Chinese agreed.
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