Planning War
The enemy was sharpening their blades, and the soldiers who had been through a long period of war would not wait for death. In the face of the increasingly intense struggle, the People's Republic of Korea was also actively preparing for war and was considering the decision of " armed unification."
Regarding South Korea's preparations for war, the government was highly alert to the collusion between the United States and South Korea. At the same time, they were also worried.
Because at this time, the Chinese army only had three divisions with insufficient weapons and equipment, and behind them were six divisions with American equipment.
In the face of such a situation, on the one hand, the Chinese government constantly requested the Soviet Union to increase weapons and equipment assistance. On the other hand, it sent the director of the People's Army Political Department, Jin Yi, to secretly visit Peiping to discuss with the leaders of the Chinese government the issue of transferring the Korean troops in the People's Liberation Army to the People's Army. They also expressed their intention to take military action.
In March 1949, on the eve of the Soviet Union's visit to the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union also came to Moscow and directly raised the issue of North Korea's security with Starling.
** Request for the conclusion of the treaty of friendship and mutual assistance between the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union, and request the Soviet Union to provide military assistance to North Korea.
Starling promised to give North Korea the necessary military assistance, but she did not give a clear and specific answer out of concern for the United States.
After being politely rejected by Moscow, the Soviet Union proposed to meet Stalin directly to find out the intentions and attitude of the Soviet Union.
However, at this time, Starling's strategic focus was still in Europe. On the one hand, he established the Soviet Party Intelligence Bureau and the Soviet Party, and constructed the Soviet Union with Moscow as the center, with the intention of stabilizing the position against the West.
On the other hand, in the face of the tough stance of the United States and the Western countries, Starling adopted a tolerant and retreating stance in the process of resolving the Berlin crisis. Her understanding of the overall strength of both sides forced the Soviet Union to give up the open conflict with the United States.
Under such circumstances, Starling naturally wouldn't agree to start a war on the Korean Peninsula that might lead to UA intervention.
In the meeting with the Chinese government in early March, Starling only casually asked about the military strength of the North and South, as well as the results of the small-scale military conflict near the 38th parallel. She was satisfied with the Chinese government's confident reply.
As for the military assistance requested by the Soviet Union, Moscow only agreed to help equip the two North Korean garrison brigades stationed at the 38th parallel and decided to let the Soviet naval unit continue to stay in Chongjin Port to assist North Korea in defense.
By the summer of 1949, the tension between the North and the South had further intensified, especially after the withdrawal of the United States. The South Korean regime had repeatedly issued war cries and repeatedly provoked the North and violated the border.
According to the reports of the Soviet ambassador, Shtkov and the government,"the battle plan to attack the north has been formulated" and will be launched in July.
However, apart from responding to the constant requests of the government and agreeing to increase weapons and equipment assistance to North Korea to ensure that North Korea was not invaded, she did not take any further action.
Moscow even approved Shtkov's proposal to remove the Soviet naval base in Chongjin Port and military airport in places such as Yunyang after the withdrawal of the United States, so as to prevent these facilities from being used by the Korean People's Army, thus putting the Soviet Union in a passive position in the international situation.
At this time, the Soviet Union advocated the establishment of the National Unity Front in North Korea and the peaceful unification of North Korea through universal suffrage.
The Chinese government was not willing to let their grand plan be blocked by Moscow, so they turned to test the attitude of the Chinese government.
In May 1949, the Chinese government sent Kim Ichi, the director of the Political Department of the People's Army, to visit Peiping in secret to discuss with the leaders the issue of transferring the North Korean division of the People's Liberation Army to the People's Army, and expressed its intention to take military action.
** did not agree with North Korea's plan.
The government promised to transfer two North Korean divisions to North Korea when needed. If war broke out on the Korean Peninsula, it would provide all assistance within its power, especially the supplies and weapons of the above-mentioned divisions.
However, the government "advised the North Korean comrades" that even if the United States withdrew its troops and the Japanese did not return, they should "not launch an attack on South Korea, but wait for a more favorable situation."
Even so, he still didn't give up. In the face of the threat from the south, the government advocated taking the initiative instead of being passive. He was full of ambition and believed that this was a favorable opportunity to achieve the unification of North Korea through military means.
To this end, while actively mobilizing the army for defensive deployment, the government ordered the troops in the 38th parallel area to enter combat readiness in early July.
He also decided to transfer the North Korean division of the People's Liberation Army back to North Korea. The Shenyang Division was deployed in Sinuiju, and the Changchun Division was deployed in Luonan.
After the preparations were made, on September 3rd, the private secretary of the government, Wen Ri, informed the Soviet embassy that South Korea had recently attempted to seize parts of the area north of the 38th parallel on the Jinjin Peninsula and bombarded the cement factory in Haizhou.
Therefore, the government requested permission to take military action against the south and seize the Hyunjin Peninsula and parts of South Korea east of Kaesong to shorten the line of defense. If the international situation allowed, they were prepared to continue advancing south.
They believed that they would be able to occupy South Korea in two weeks, or at most two months.
After verifying the situation at the request of Vysinski, the charge d'état of the Soviet Embassy in North Korea, Dunkin, reported to Moscow on September 14 the details of the military forces of North and South Korea, the considerations of the government, and his own views on this issue.
The report said that the government believed that the fighting capacity of the South Korean army was not strong, and that the North army was superior to the South army in terms of technical equipment (tanks, artillery, aircraft), discipline, the quality of officers and soldiers training, and morale. If the attack went smoothly, they could continue to advance south.
The government and Foreign Minister Park Hyun-Yong also believed that when a civil war broke out in North Korea, the United States would not directly send troops to intervene.
However, Dunkin himself believed that the local war of the ** plan would inevitably lead to a civil war in North Korea, and the northern army was not strong enough to win in a quick battle. At the same time, whether it was military or political, a prolonged civil war was unfavorable to the North.
However, Ambassador Shtkov agreed with the plan. He believed that the political status of the South Korean government was not stable, and the situation on the Korean Peninsula was beneficial to the North.
Although the possibility of the Americans intervening in this conflict and providing active help to South Korea could not be ruled out, the number of the People's Army and the material strength it possessed could not guarantee that it would completely crush the southern army and occupy South Korea.
However, he still believed that it was possible and appropriate to develop guerrilla movements in southern Korea and give them all kinds of support and leadership. Under favorable circumstances, they could use the provocation of the South Koreans on the 38th parallel as an excuse to occupy the Hyunjin Peninsula and the Kaesong area.
After careful research and discussion, Moscow still rejected the plan.
On September 24, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) made a resolution, instructing Shtkov to declare to the government and Park Hyun-Yong in strict accordance with the text of the resolution:
"Since North Korea's armed forces do not have an essential advantage over South Korea, it cannot be denied that they are completely unprepared to attack the South, so it is not allowed from a military point of view.”
As the guerrilla movements and mass struggles in the south had not been actively carried out, the establishment of Jiefang District and the organization of people's uprisings had been carried out very little." From a political point of view, the attack on the south that you suggested was not well prepared."
In addition, the attack on the Hyunjin Peninsula and the occupation of the Kaesong area meant the beginning of the Korean Civil War, and the persistence of the war might provide excuses for the Americans to interfere in North Korea's affairs.
Therefore, the current task of fighting for the unification of North Korea required the greatest concentration of strength:
First, launch guerrilla movements, establish Jiefang District, and prepare for a national uprising in Korea in order to overthrow the regime and successfully resolve the task of unifying the whole of Korea.
Second, further strengthen the People's Army.
Obviously, Starling felt that the conditions for war in North Korea were not ripe yet.
Starling's decision made the military feel frustrated, but although he reluctantly accepted Moscow's opinion, he still continued to actively prepare for the war.
On October 14th, another fierce battle broke out near the 38th parallel. The North Korean 3rd Garrison Brigade attacked the South Korean army that had invaded the Fayin Mountain Highland 1.5 kilometers north of the 38th Parallel and occupied the two highlands.
Because the Soviet ambassador and military adviser participated in the discussion and acquiesced to this military action in advance, and did not report to Staleyn afterwards, Moscow was extremely angry.
Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko severely accused Shtkov of not strictly and firmly implementing the instructions of "prohibiting the North Korean government from taking active actions against South Korea without the permission of the Central Committee" and "the Central Committee's instructions on preventing the situation at the 38th parallel from complicating" and warned him.
It seemed that if the Turks wanted to take military action, they had to wait for the green light from Moscow.
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