The Korean War (1)
During the Korean War, North Korea called it the "Motherland Liberation War", China called it the "War to Resist the United States and Assist Korea", and the West, Han, and China called it the "Korean War".
The War to Resist U.S. Aggression and North Korea was a general term for the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and North Korea and the Movement to Resist U.S. Aggression and North Korea. It was a mass movement in the early 1950s that the Chinese people supported the Korean people in resisting the U.S. aggression.
In October 1950, the Chinese People's Revolutionary Army went to Korea to fight, and the War to Resist the United States and aid Korea began. In the War to Resist the United States and Assist Korea, the volunteer army received the full support of the entire People's Liberation Army and the people of China, and the cooperation of the Soviet Union.
In July 1953, the two sides signed the Korean Armistice Agreement, which ended the war against the United States and aided Korea. In 1958, all the volunteers withdrew to China. October 25th was the anniversary of the War to Resist the United States and aid Korea.
This war was divided into three stages:
Stage One: North Korea Defeats Han
On June 25, 1950, war broke out between North Korea and Han. Both sides wanted to unify the Korean Peninsula. North Korea's Prime Minister (Supreme Leader) led the North Korean People's Army to defeat Han and quickly captured the capital of Han, Han, and a large area of land. At this time, the United States sent troops to help Han defend Pusan, blocking hundreds of thousands of people's troops in the Pusan area.
At this stage, the Soviet Union was already involved in North Korea's affairs. With the help of the Soviet Union, North Korea established a large army consisting of infantry, motorised brigades, and border police. The Soviet Union provided North Korea with a large amount of modern weapons and equipment and trained thousands of North Korean officers. Each division of the Korean People's Army was equipped with about 15 Soviet advisors. North Korea's military strength far exceeded South Korea's.
A month before North Korea attacked, the Tang Dynasty sent a secret envoy to Beijing to seek help, but the Tang Dynasty did not agree to the Tang Dynasty starting a war.
In the second phase, the United Nations invaded the Korean Peninsula and defeated the Korean People's Army.
Pusan's 25th Army resisted the fierce attack of the People's Army, buying time for the United Nations to send troops. In the face of the sudden war in North Korea, the United Nations Security Council quickly passed the motion proposed by the United States and established the United Nations Army to fight on the Korean Peninsula to " stop North Korea's aggression."
The United Nations Army was mainly composed of the United States Army. 15 countries, including the United Kingdom, Turkey, Canada, Thailand, new Zealand, Australia, the Netherlands, France, the Phillipines, Greece, Austria, Colombia, Egypt, Saint Petersburg, and South Africa, sent troops to participate.
The commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Army" was General MacArthur, commander of the Far East Army of the United States Army stationed in Japan (later succeeded by M.B. Ridgway and M.W. Clark).
On September 15, 1950, the United Nations military took the North Korean army by surprise and successfully landed in Inchon, central North Korea, cutting the North Korean army in half. On September 22nd, the United Nations troops that were defending Pusan took advantage of the situation to counterattack.
On September 27th, the US army recaptured the capital of Han, Seoul (now renamed as Seoul). At this time, MacArthur requested to pursue and destroy North Korea and unify the entire Korean Peninsula. On September 27, the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff and President Truman agreed, but Truman also warned MacArthur: If China and the Soviet Union join the war, do not attack North Korea.
On October 1, under the command of MacArthur, the United Nations Army and the Korean army crossed the 38th parallel and quickly advanced deep into the north, attacking the North Korean capital, Chaoyang. On October 7, the United Nations General Assembly recognized the fait accompli created by the United States and approved the Anglo-American proposal. The weakened north was unable to fight back and retreated to the border of China and North Korea.
MacArthur was worried that once the Tang regime went into exile, there would be endless trouble, so he publicly stated that he might bomb potential refugee camps or supply bases in China, including power stations and military industrial centers in the northeast.
In fact, the Far East Air Force did the same. China had issued warnings many times, but the other party had turned a deaf ear to them.
The third stage was to send troops to resist the United States and aid Korea.
At the request of the North Korean government, on October 19th, 1950, the Chinese People's Liberation Army, under the leadership of Commander and Political Councilor Peng Dehuai, secretly crossed the Yalu River and headed to the North Korean battlefield, opening the prelude to the War to Resist the United States and Assist Korea.
From October 25, 1950 to June 10, 1951, it was the first phase of the War to Resist the United States and Assist Korea. At this stage, five strategic battles were carried out consecutively.
The first battle. After the volunteers entered the North Korea, they found that the United Nations Army led by the United States and the Han National Army under its command were advancing very fast. The volunteers had no time to occupy the predetermined defense area. The "United Nations Army" had not yet discovered that the volunteers had entered the war. On October 25, the volunteers gave a sudden blow to the "United Nations Army" and expelled it from the Yalu River to the south of the Qingchuan River, thwarting the "United Nations Army"'s plan to occupy all of North Korea before the thanksgivings (November 23), and initially stabilized the war situation in North Korea.
The second battle. Although the "United Nations Army" had discovered that the volunteers had entered the war, they estimated that the volunteers were only participating in the war to defend the border. On November 24th, the United Nations Army launched a general offensive aimed at ending the Korean War on Christmas Day. According to the plan, after the volunteers lured the "United Nations Army" to the predetermined area, they immediately launched a counterattack and gave an unexpected blow. The "United Nations Army" was defeated on both sides of the Qingchuan River on the western front and the Changjin Lake on the eastern front. They were forced to abandon Chaoyang and Wonsan and retreat to the south of the "38th parallel" by land and sea.
The third battle. The Chinese People's Revolutionary Army concentrated six armies, and with the cooperation of the three legions of the People's Army, they launched a full-scale attack on the "United Nations Army" that relied on the "38th parallel" to defend. They repelled it from the "38th parallel" to the vicinity of the 37th parallel north latitude, occupied Seoul, and stopped the battle pursuit in time.
The fourth battle. After the volunteer army won three consecutive battles, the main force turned to rest. The "United Nations Army" found that the volunteers had difficulties in replenishing their supplies and that there were insufficient troops on the front line. They quickly replenished their personnel and materials, adjusted their deployment, and resumed their offensive on January 25,1951. The volunteer army immediately turned from rest to defense. On March 14, the Chinese and Korean people's troops withdrew from Seoul. On April 11, McTruman dismissed MacArthur and appointed Ridgway as the commander-in-chief of the United Nations Army. On April 21st, the "United Nations Army" was restrained in the north and south of the "38th parallel".
The fifth battle. A large-scale counterattack in the north and south of the 38th parallel. First, they concentrated 11 volunteer armies and 1 People's Army legion on the Western Front to carry out the main assault, once again crossing the "38th parallel" and approaching Seoul. Then, the volunteers transferred their troops to the eastern line, and then the Chinese and Korean people's army moved north. By June 10, the front line was stable in the north and south of the 38th parallel.
From June 11, 1951 to July 27, 1953, it was the second phase of the War to Resist the United States and Assist Korea. At this stage, the People's Army of China and North Korea carried out the strategic policy of " Prolonged War and Active Defense ", using positional warfare as the main form of combat to carry out long-term active defense operations.
On July 10, 1951, the two sides of the war began to negotiate an armistice in Korea. Since then, the war had been fought and negotiated for more than two years.
Later, both sides were exhausted and could only negotiate a truce. On July 27, 1953, the Korean Armistice Agreement was signed in Panmunjom. At this point, the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, which lasted two years and nine months, ended. (To be continued)
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